Processing and characterization of composite cladding through microwave heating on martensitic steel

Abstract

The composite wear resistant cladding of nickel-based powder matrix and 10% SiC powder as reinforced was developed through microwave hybrid heating on martenisitic stainless steel (SS-420) substrate. The development of the clad has been carried out by using a domestic microwave applicator of frequency 2.45 GHz and 900 W power level. The microstructural and mechanical characterizations of the developed clad were carried out by using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Vicker's microhardness analysis. Results revealed that clads of approximately 1.25 mm thickness were developed with significantly low porosity ($1.10%). The scanning electron microscopic results show that the microstructure of clad exhibits typical cellular-like structure. The metallurgical bonding between clad and substrate surface was obtained with partial dilution. The complex carbides of chromium and silicides of chromium, iron, and nickel phases were identified in the clad region by XRD study, which may enhance the Vicker's microhardness of the clads significantly. The average Vicker's microhardness of the developed clad was in the range of 652 AE 90 HV.

Effect of Separator Thickness and Preheating Temperature on the Development of Microwave Processed Composite Clads

“…Prior to placing of powder layer on the austenitic stainless steel substrate (SS-316 L), the composite powder was preheated at different temperatures starting from 20 °C to 180 °C in the step size of 20 °C. The preheated composite powder layer was placed on SS-316 L substrate and the development of cladding is carried out inside a microwave applicator using microwave hybrid heating principle [3]. The developed clads were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).…”

Microwave melting and processing of metal–ceramic composite castings

“…Mechanism of microwave casting process. The process of MHH has already been explained by the authors of previous works, 6,9,18,[20][21][22][23][24][26][27][28][29] but the study of the interactions of metals and ceramic powders with susceptor heating is significant for processing. The skin depth/ penetration of radiations in metals when processed with low-frequency microwaves of 2.45 GHz is very less.…”

“…6,9,13,[20][21][22] This leads to the reflection of microwaves from the surface without causing effective heating. To overcome this problem, researchers 6,9,[20][21][22][23][24][25] have utilized the concept of microwave hybrid heating (MHH) which allows the alteration of temperaturedependent properties of raw metallic powders, and the metallic powder starts coupling with microwaves directly due to an increase in skin depths. This allows rapid heating of metallic powders and helps in achieving the melting temperatures.…”

Analysis of susceptor temperature during microwave heating and characterization of Ni-30Cr3C2 clads

“…The developed clads exhibit increased resistance against slurry erosion, abrasive wear, sliding wear, and solid particle erosion. [20][21][22][23][24] However, very less literature has reported about the clads produced for cavitation erosion resistance through microwave hybrid heating. 25 The objective of the current study is to optimize the microwave exposure time to develop clads through microwave hybrid heating and to characterize the developed clads for cavitation erosion resistance.…”