Processing and characterization of high environmental efficiency composites based on PLA and hazelnut shell flour (HSF) with biobased plasticizers derived from epoxidized linseed oil (ELO)

Abstract

interactions so that indicating that ELO also provides a coupling effect between PLA matrix and HSF filler. ELO addition leads to a decrease in storage modulus (G') obtained by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) in torsion mode thus giving clear evidence of the plasticization effect of ELO. Overall, the use of ELO in PLA/HSF composites is an attracting way to improve the low intrinsic fragility of these green Injection moulding.1.-Introduction.In the last years, a remarkable increase in the development of high environmentally friendly materials has been detected in the field of polymers and polymer composites. The high concern of society about environment protection has promoted the development of new "eco", "bio" or "green" materials. which results from the high intrinsic account the relatively low hydrophilic nature of PLA and the extremely high hydrophilic nature of the lignocellulosic filler, poor matrixparticle interactions are achieved thus leading to stress concentration phenomena that also contributes to fragility. For this reasons, research on how to reduce fragility of PLA-based composites is being investigated. One approach is focused on the use of compatible plasticizers for PLA and another approach considers the use of compatibilizer agents to act as a bridge between the hydrophobic PLA matrix and the highly hydrophilic surrounding particles.In general terms, the use of plasticizers lead to a decrease in the PLA glass transition temperature (Tg PLA); they also favor cold crystallization and the resulting material is more flexible. On the other hand, the use of coupling agents or compatibilizers provides intense PLA matrix-lignocellulosic filler interactions that contribute to decrease fragility.Chemical coupling agents such as N,N-(1,3-phenylene dimaleimide) and 1,1- The main aim of this study is to reduce the high intrinsic fragility of poly(lactic acid), PLA -hazelnut shell flour (HSF) by using a biobased plasticizer from epoxidized linseed oil (ELO). Mechanical, thermal and thermomechanical properties of PLA -HSF green composites are evaluated in terms of the epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) load in the 0 -22.5 wt.% range.2.-Experimental. 2.1.-Materials.Poly(lactic acid), PLA commercial grade Ingeo 6201D was supplied by NatureWorks LLC (Minnesota, USA). This grade is characterized by a melt flow index in the 15 -30 g/10 min range and a density of 1.24 g cm -3 .Hazelnut shell waste (Corylus avellana) was obtained from the food industry and subjected to a grinding process to an average particle size of 63 m to give a homogeneous flour (hazelnut shell flour, HSF). Hazelnut shell was grinded in an ultra centrifugal mill from Retsch GmbH (Hann, Germany) at a rotating speed of 10000 rpm.Epoxidized linseed oil (ELO), CAS number 8016-11-3 was used as plasticizer in at 20 ºC and a viscosity of 8-11 p at 25 ºC. It shows high thermal stability with a flammability temperature of 287 ºC and it is not water-soluble. The average fatty acid profile is: 3-5% stearic acid, 5-7% palmitic acid, 14-20% linoleic ...

On the use of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil as a reactive compatibilizer in injection‐molded compostable pieces consisting of polylactide filled with orange peel flour

“…In particular, T deg of the neat PLA piece was around 362 °C and the addition of 5 phr AESO reduced it by 5 °C. A similar effect has been recently observed for PLA materials containing AESO and epoxidized linseed oil and, hence, potentially suggesting that the molecular structure of the biopolymer was altered. This enhancement in the thermal stability suggests certain chemical interaction of AESO with both components of the green composite, by which the resultant linked lignocellulosic fillers are expected to act as a physical barrier that obstructs the removal of volatile products produced during decomposition.…”

Manufacturing and compatibilization of PLA/PBAT binary blends by cottonseed oil-based derivatives

“…It is also worthy to note the additional stabilization that ECSO and MCSO provides with T 5% values over 330-331°C with 1 wt% ECSO or MCSO while higher ECSO or MCSO content leads to a small decrease in thermal stability, probably due to a plasticizer excess. This behavior has been reported previously with other vegetable oil-derived compatibilizers/plasticizers [49,50]. Similar trend can be seen for T 50% .…”

Biobased Composites from Biobased-Polyethylene and Barley Thermomechanical Fibers: Micromechanics of Composites

“…In this sense, the production of materials coming from renewable resources with properties similar to the current ones is becoming a necessity [1][2][3][4][5][6]. There are two main ways to develop greener plastic materials-bio-based and biodegradable or bio-based and recyclable materials [5,[7][8][9][10]. Both types must coexist in order to achieve the properties currently provided by materials manufactured from fossil origin resources.…”