Processing and characterization of starch/polycaprolactone products

Matzinos, P.; Tserki, V.; Kontoyiannis, A.; Panayiotou, Costas

doi:10.1016/s0141-3910(02)00072-1

Cited by 172 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The melting temperature of the composites was influenced by various factors such as morphology, crystallization, and composite composition. 23 Detailed values of melting temperature and melting enthalpy are shown in Table 2. Results showed that the melting enthalpy was also decreased by the addition of DDGS.…”

Section: Thermal Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel bio-based composites of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)/distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)

et al. 2014

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The PHA/DDGS composite is a promising low-cost, bio-based material for use in crop containers for the horticulture industry. This research effort has quantified the effects on mechanical and thermal properties of adding different amounts of DDGS to a PHA matrix. PHA and DDGS were mixed using a twin-screw microcompounder. Fracture surface morphology and thermal and rheological properties were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and rheometer measurements. The adhesion between PHA and DDGS decreased with an increase in DDGS content from 10% to 30%. Melting temperature and crystalline temperature decreased with the increasing content of DDGS filler, indicating that PHA and DDGS interacted favorably. The complex viscosity and elastic shear modulus of the blends were increased by the increasing DDGS content. The storage modulus and glass transition temperature showed little change across the different ratios of DDGS, indicating that DDGS should be a useful filler that can decrease the cost of PHA-based materials significantly while preserving the dynamic mechanical properties and glass transition temperature. Abstract: The PHA/DDGS composite is a promising low-cost, bio-based material for use in crop containers for the horticulture industry. This research effort has quantified the effects on mechanical and thermal properties of adding different amounts of DDGS to a PHA matrix. PHA and DDGS were mixed using a twin-screw microcompounder. Fracture surface morphology and thermal and rheological properties were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and rheometer measurements. The adhesion between PHA and DDGS decreased with an increase in DDGS content from 10% to 30%. Melting temperature and crystalline temperature decreased with the increasing content of DDGS filler, indicating that PHA and DDGS interacted favorably. The complex viscosity and elastic shear modulus of the blends were increased by the increasing DDGS content. The storage modulus and glass transition temperature showed little change across the different ratios of DDGS, indicating that DDGS should be a useful filler that can decrease the cost of PHA-based materials significantly while preserving the dynamic mechanical properties and glass transition temperature. Disciplines

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Section: Thermal Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel bio-based composites of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)/distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)

et al. 2014

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“…Torres and co-workers (2007) proved that starch source is a significant material property determinant; thus, studying the potentials of starchy legumes which reportedly contain significant proportions of starch that can be harnessed for various industrial purposes including bioplastics can be quite revealing. Accordingly, recent studies have been conducted into the plastic potentials of pea starch with useful results (Ma et al 2008a, Ma et al 2009Huneault and Li 2007 Accordingly, the potentials of blending starch in native granular (Wu 2003), modified granular (Yavuz and Babaç 2003) and plasticized (Matzinos et al 2002;Shin et al 2004;Ikeo et al 2006) forms with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), a synthetic semi-crystalline biodegradable aliphatic polyester (Elzein et al 2004;Shimao 2001), have also been studied. These studies were mainly aimed at reducing and improving the cost and biodegradability, respectively, of polycaprolactone (PCL) with starch; in other words, PCL was used as the base material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extrusion is also mostly used for starch plasticization (Matzinos et al 2002). Although extruded fiber-reinforced composites show improved mechanical properties compared with the unreinforced, extrusion compounding as well as injection molding has been found to cause some fiber damage (particularly fiber length and diameter reduction) during processing (Wollerdorfer and Bader 1998;Puglia et al 2003;Grande and Torres 2005;Vilaseca et al 2007), a condition that may limit optimum realization of fiber reinforcing potentials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Incorporating Polycaprolactone and Flax Fiber into Glycerol-Plasticized Pea Starch

et al. 2011

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The environmental menace associated with the existing eco-unfriendly conventional plastics prompted the exploration of natural polymers such as starch for the development of biodegradable plastics. These efforts have seen starch used in various ways, one of which is in the processing of thermoplastic starch (TPS). Thermoplastic starch (also known as plasticized starch) is the product of the interaction between starch and a plasticizer in the presence of thermomechanical energy. While starch blends with conventional plastics only yield products that biofragment, thermoplastic starch (TPS) offers a completely biodegradable option. However, it is limited in application due to its weak mechanical strength and poor moisture resistance. To this end, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of incorporating polycaprolactone (PCL) and flax fiber into glycerol-plasticized pea starch. The effects of processing moisture content on the physical properties of glycerol-plasticized pea starch were also evaluated. The physical properties investigated included morphology, tensile properties, moisture absorption, and thermal properties. Accordingly, two thermoplastic pea starch mixtures containing 9.3 and 20% processing moisture contents were prepared while maintaining starch (pea starch) and glycerol in ratio 7:3 by weight (dry basis). Polycaprolactone was then compounded at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% by weight in the solid phase with the TPS mixtures to determine the effects of processing moisture content and PCL incorporation on the physical properties of glycerol-plasticized pea starch.This experiment was structured as a 2 x 5 factorial completely randomized design at 5% level of significance. Subsequently, PCL and flax fiber were iii compounded with the TPS mixture containing 20% processing moisture to determine the effects of PCL (0, 20, and 40% wt) and flax fiber (0, 5, 10, and 15% wt) incorporation on the physical properties of glycerol-plasticized pea starch. This was structured as a 3 x 4 factorial completely randomized design at 5% level of significance. All the samples were compressed at 140°C for 45 min under 25000-kg load. The compression-molded samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile test, moisture absorption test, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques.The tensile fracture surfaces showed a moisture-induced fundamental morphological difference between the two TPSs. The TPS prepared at 20% processing moisture content revealed complete starch gelatinization, thus, exhibiting a rather continuous phase whereas the TPS prepared at 9.3% processing moisture content revealed instances of ungelatinized and partly gelatinized pea starch granules. Consequently, the tensile strength, yield strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at break increased by 208.6, 602.6, 208.5, and 292.0%, respectively at 20% processing moisture content. The incorporation of PCL reduced the degree of starch gelatinization by interfering with moisture migration during compr...

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“…It is clear that PCL had a smooth surface, while the irregular nature of the starch granules was observed in SPCL10 and SPCL12, indicating that starch granules have been completely restructured, which suggested that the starch/PCL displayed thermoplastic nature. Generally, without deformation, starch granules are homogeneously dispersed throughout the PCL/starch blends as droplet-like particles (Avella et al 2000;Ishiaku et al 2002;Matzinos et al 2002).…”

Section: Characterization By Ftir and Semmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually, aliphatic polyesters are perfect materials to blend with starch, since they are biodegradable and thermoplastic with thermal stability, excellent mechanical properties, good water resistance and dimensional stability (Gupta et al 2007). Some aliphatic polymers/starch blends have been investigated, such as PCL (Avella et al 2000;Matzinos et al 2002;Vertuccio et al 2009), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) (Zeng et al 2011), poly(hydroxybutyrateco-valerate) (PHBV) (Kotnis et al 1995) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) (Mihai et al 2007;Yokesahachart and Yoksan 2011). However, these studies mainly focus on increasing mechanical properties, decreasing water absorption or restraining retrogradation of these biodegradable blends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of polycaprolactone and starch/polycaprolactone blends as carbon source for biological denitrification

Shen

Wang

et al. 2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The cross-linked starch/polycaprolactone (SPCL10) and starch/polycaprolactone (SPCL12) blends were prepared, characterized and used as carbon source and biofilm support for biological nitrate removal. The results showed that SPCL10 and SPCL12 had similar performance on water absorption (about 21 %) and leaching capacity. FTIR spectra confirmed the cross-linking reaction between starch and PCL. SEM displayed a thermoplastic nature of SPCL10 and SPCL12. These blends could serve as solid carbon source and biofilm support for biological denitrification, and the acclimation time of microbial biofilm on the surfaces of SPCL10, SPCL12 and PCL were about 2 days, 2 days and 16 days, respectively. The average denitrification rates were 0.0216, 0.0154 and 0.0071 mg NO 3 -N/(g h) for SPCL10, SPCL12 and PCL, respectively, and the effluent NO 2 -N concentration was below 1 mg/L at all cases. The phenomenon of ammonia formation was observed, but ammonia concentration was below 0.5 mg/L.

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Processing and characterization of starch/polycaprolactone products

Cited by 172 publications

References 17 publications

Novel bio-based composites of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)/distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)

Novel bio-based composites of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)/distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)

Effects of Incorporating Polycaprolactone and Flax Fiber into Glycerol-Plasticized Pea Starch

Comparison of polycaprolactone and starch/polycaprolactone blends as carbon source for biological denitrification

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