Processing and morphological development of montmorillonite epoxy nanocomposites

Chen, Chenggang; Curliss, David B.

doi:10.1088/0957-4484/14/6/315

Cited by 94 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In recent years numerous research activities on polymer-clay nano-composites have been performed. However, the matrices of polymer-clay nanocomposites are mainly synthetic thermosetting [177][178][179] as well as thermoplastics polymers [180][181][182][183][184][185] but of late biodegradable plastics have found place even though limited, for example, PlA 186 and PCl 187 have also been used for the processing of nanocomposites with a layered silicate. However, the materials prepared from natural polymers have poor performance compared with those prepared from synthetic polymers.…”

Section: Bio Nano-compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment Friendly Composite Materials: Biocomposites and Green Composites

Mitra

2014

DSJ

166

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IntroductIonDevelopment of advanced polymer composite materials having superior mechanical properties opened up new horizons in the engineering field. Advantages such as corrosion resistance, electrical insulation, easy processability at relatively less energy requirement in tooling and assembly costs, higher stiffness and strength, fatigue resistance and lower weight than metals have made polymer composite widely acceptable in structural applications. The so-called advanced composites have replaced metals because of their excellent mechanical properties and low density giving them high specific strength and stiffness 1 . Such weight savings are highly desirable for applications in aerospace to transportation to reduce weight and associated fuel consumption. Another distinct advantage is their ability to be engineered to obtain required properties in different directions by appropriate fiber placing in different layers of the laminated structure.Composite properties depend on the properties of the constituent materials i.e. the fibers and resins used. The strength and stiffness of the composites are directly a function of the reinforcing fiber properties which carry most of the load and their volume content. The resin helps to maintain the relative position of the fibers within the composite and, more importantly, transfers the load from the bottom fibers to the intact fibers. As a result, fiber/resin interfacial properties are also important and have a significant effect on composite properties including toughness and transverse fracture stress. To fabricate high strength composites, all three factors namely fiber properties, resin properties as well as fiber/resin interface characteristics are critical.Currently most of the fibers and resins are derived from petroleum feed stocks and do not degrade for several decades under normal environmental conditions 2 . Composites made from thermosetting resins cannot be reprocessed or recycled, however, a small fraction of these thermosetting composites are crushed into powder used as filler or incinerated to obtain energy in the form of heat, most of them end up in land-fills at the end of their life. In anaerobic conditions, such as those in land -fills, the petroleum based composites may not degrade making that land unavailable for any other use. On the other hand, incineration produces toxic gases and requires expensive scrubbers. Both incineration and dumping in land-fills are environmentally undesirable as well as expensive. In the future, these methods of disposing of composites are expected to get even more expensive as the pollution laws all over the world get stricter and the number of land -fills decline. In addition, at the present rate of consumption, the world petroleum resources are estimated to last for the next 50 years or so 2 . Thus, there is a great interest generated in developing green composites using fully sustainable, biodegradable, environment friendly and annually renewable fibers and resins, particularly those derived from plants 3 . A variet...

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Section: Bio Nano-compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment Friendly Composite Materials: Biocomposites and Green Composites

Mitra

2014

DSJ

166

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“…The XRD patterns of organoclay-filled CMDItoughened epoxy systems suggest the formation of intercalated nanohybrids. This is due to the compatibility of epoxy resin with the layered silicates, and the epoxy chain penetrates into the gallery and expands the nanosize to some extent [40,41,42]. When 2y ¼ 0.5-108, (the angle between the diffracted and incoming X-ray waves), the d 001 spacing of the CMDI-toughened epoxy nanocomposites is in nanolevel.…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organoclay‐filled caprolactam‐blocked methylenediphenyl diisocyanate‐toughened epoxy interpenetrating network matrices

Premkumar

Chozhan

Alagar

2009

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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An interpenetrating networks of varying weight percentages (5, 10, and 15%) of caprolactam-blocked methylenediphenyl diisocyanate(CMDI)-toughened epoxy matrices were developed and characterized. The toughened epoxy system was further modified with 1, 3, and 5% (by wt) of organophilic montmorillonite (MMT) clay. Organoclay-filled hybrid CMDI-epoxy matrices, developed in the form of castings, were characterized for their thermomechanical properties. The data obtained from differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis showed that there was a significant loss in the values of glass transition temperatures (T g ) of organoclay-filled hybrid epoxy systems when compared with that of neat epoxy resin, whereas increasing trend in thermal stability was observed. The values obtained from mechanical studies indicated that the CMDI-toughened epoxy and organoclay-filled CMDI-epoxy systems were improved the mechanical properties according to its percentage concentration. From X-ray diffraction analysis, it was observed that the presence of d 001 reflections of the organophilic MMT clay in the CMDI-toughened epoxy systems indicated the development of intercalated clay structure which in turn confirmed the formation of intercalated nanocomposites. Homogeneous surface morphologies of CMDI-toughened epoxy and organoclay-filled CMDItoughened epoxy systems were ascertained from scanning electron microscope. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 49:747-755, 2009. ª

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“…Montmorillonite is the most widely used layered silicate in polymer nanocomposites. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] The main purpose of researchers is to produce more advanced composites with much higher mechanical and thermal properties and these products have more opportunity to be used in different industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of PVA/OMMT composites

Yürüdü¹,

İşçi²,

Ünlü³

et al. 2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, polyvinyl alcohol/organically modified montmorillonite (HDA/MMT; organoclay) composite was prepared for the intercalation processes. Firstly, the rheological behavior of aqueous montmorillonite dispersions was investigated as a function of solid content. Hexadecylamine (HDA) was added to the montmorillonite dispersion (2%, w/w) in different concentrations in the range of 5 Â 10 À4 -9 Â 10 À3 mmol/L. The basal spacing of the organoclay (OMMT) was studied by X-ray diffraction. The FTIR spectra are obtained from the modified montmorillonite products, which revealed the characteristic absorbencies after treatment with HDA. HDA/MMT /PVA composite, which was produced by the reaction of 1 wt % PVA solution with organoclay complex, is characterized by the rheology, electrokinetic, XRD, FTIR, and SEM techniques.

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Processing and morphological development of montmorillonite epoxy nanocomposites

Cited by 94 publications

References 23 publications

Environment Friendly Composite Materials: Biocomposites and Green Composites

Environment Friendly Composite Materials: Biocomposites and Green Composites

Organoclay‐filled caprolactam‐blocked methylenediphenyl diisocyanate‐toughened epoxy interpenetrating network matrices

Preparation and characterization of PVA/OMMT composites

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