Processing guayule for latex and bulk rubber

Schloman, William W.

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.04.031

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A commercial Soxhlet extractor (Eden Laboratories LLC, Columbus, OH) was used to extract resin and rubber from 3 kg of finely ground material with 25 L of pentane/acetone azeotrope (79:21) by weight . The azeotrope solution was collected, filtered, and concentrated using a BUCHI Rotavapor R-220 (BUCHI Corporation, New Castle, DE) rotary evaporator according to manufacturer’s instructions and the rubber was precipitated using 1 volume of acetone . The RERB was removed from the Soxhlet extractor and dried in a fume hood and stored until further experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) and Pelletization of Two Arid Land Plants Bagasse for Energy Densification

Reza

Yang

Coronella

et al. 2015

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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In this study, bagasse from two arid land plants, grindelia and rabbitbrush, were hydrothermally carbonized (HTC) along with their raw biomass at 200−260 °C for 5 min. Prior to HTC, biocrude was extracted from grindelia (Grindelia squarrosa), whereas rubber was extracted from rabbitbrush (Ericameria nauseosa). Solid hydrochars and HTC process liquids of extracted feedstocks were characterized by ultimate, proximate, fiber, FTIR, higher heating value (HHV), and GC−MS analyses and the results were compared with their corresponding unextracted conditions. Hydrochars were pelletized in a single-press pelletizer and mass and energy densities of the pellets were measured. From the proximate, ultimate, FTIR, and fiber analyses, the bagasse show similar properties of the raw biomass, although the HHV was slightly increased with crude extraction from grindelia and decreased with rubber extraction from rabbitbrush. With the increase of HTC temperature, solid mass yield was decreased up to 44% for grindelia bagasse and 57% for rabbitbrush bagasse. HHV increases for all the feedstocks up to about 26 MJ kg −1 , regardless of biomass type, when treated at 260 °C. HTC process liquid becomes acidic in the presence of short-chain organic acids with HTC temperature.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) and Pelletization of Two Arid Land Plants Bagasse for Energy Densification

Reza

Yang

Coronella

et al. 2015

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Molecular weight analysis (Fig. 5, Table 1) indicated that weight-average molecular weight of fungal enzyme treated TK rubber (T1 enzyme process) (1,387,000 g.mol -1 ) was comparable with that of TK rubber from the PENRA pilot plant (1,642,500 g.mol -1 ), and to that of reference samples, tested at the same time, for: 1) guayule natural rubber produced in the 1980's from the Firestone pilot plant at Sacaton, Arizona (1,058,500 g.mol -1 ) (archival sample from Schloman et al 2005) and 2) a Hevea commercial TSR-10 control sample (1,203,000) (5).…”

Section: Enzymatic Rubber Extraction and Molecular Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 56%

Thermomyces lanuginosus STm: A source of thermostable hydrolytic enzymes for novel application in extraction of high-quality natural rubber from Taraxacum kok-saghyz (Rubber dandelion)

Sikandar

Ujor

Ezeji

et al. 2017

Industrial Crops and Products

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Hydrolytic enzymes from a newly isolated strain of the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus were used to extract rubber from Taraxacum kok-saghyz commonly known as rubber (or Russian or Kazak(h)) dandelion. The fungus was isolated from garden soil and identified as Thermomyces lanuginosus STm based on 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The isolate produced considerable amounts of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes on lignocellulosic substrates at 55°C incubated for 8 days in 150 mL shake flask experiments. The maximum enzyme activities on wheat straw and guayule bagasse were: xylanase (167.41; 130.1 U/mg), inulinase (69.8; 34.1 U/mg), cellulase (carboxymethyl cellulase) (16.7; 4.8 U/mg), filter paper assay (FPase) (14.2; 5.5 FPU g-1) and pectinase (7.2; 3.2 U/mg), respectively. In addition, alkalipretreated roots of Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TK), incubated with crude enzyme extracts from T. lanuginosus STm grown on guayule bagasse, subsequently yielded more natural rubber (90 mg/g dry TK root) than previously established protocols, Eskew process (24 mg/g) and commercialenzyme-combination process (45 mg/g). Rubber purity in the T. lanuginosus STm treatment was 71.7%, greater than the Eskew process at 37.5%. However, the crude T. lanuginosus STm enzyme treatment at 91.6% rubber purity approached the purity of the commercial-enzymecombination process 94.1% purity.

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“…However, the natural rubber gained from bark parenchyma cells needs to be processed soon after harvest since otherwise it becomes unfeasible. Furthermore, a high proportion of low molecular biopolymer lowers the quality and big amounts of resin associated to the natural rubber prevent utilization in bulk rubber applications (Schloman, 2005). Since bulk rubber cannot be gained from P. argentatum, which is needed for tire production that accounts for approximately 70% of total natural rubber consumption, P. argentatum is not fully capable of filling the gap in the worldwide increasing demand on natural rubber (Hayashi, 2009).…”

Section: New Rubber Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%