Abstract:In this work, ground tire rubber (GTR) was thermo-mechanically treated in the presence of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymers. During preliminary investigation, the effects of different SBS copolymer grades, the variable content of SBS copolymer on the Mooney viscosity, and the thermal and mechanical properties of modified GTR were determined. Subsequently, GTR modified by SBS copolymer and cross-linking agents (sulfur-based system and dicumyl peroxide) was characterized by assessment of rheological, ph… Show more
“…The decomposition of temperature range was 170°C–250°C, 425°C–550°C, and 300°C–450°C for NR, SBR, and BR, respectively. 42,47 Figure 12.(a) Pure NR composite and NR/BR/SBR/GTR composites of TGA. (b) Pure NR composite and NR/BR/SBR/GTR composites of DTA.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additionally, the asymmetrical stretching of -CH 3 at 2960 cm À1 and -CH 3 of symmetrical stretching deformation at 1375 cm À1 were the most significant peaks for identified the NR qualitatively and quantitatively. [39][40][41][42] The peaks around 1643 cm À1 , 887 cm À1 and 699 cm À1 can also identify NR. 40 The bands assigned to Silicon monoxide (Si-O) stretching at 1097 cm À1 for SiO 2 , and -C -Cstretching 1021 cm À1 for CB.…”
Section: Ftir Spectramentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The decomposition of temperature range was 170°C-250°C, 425°C-550°C, and 300°C-450°C for NR, SBR, and BR, respectively. 42,47 Based on Table 5, the material weight loss in the second region was 89.99%, 72.20%, and 67.13% for the Pure NR, the NR/BR/SBR composite, and the C40 composite, respectively. 48 In the third region, a small amount of weight loss was observed up to 900°C.…”
In this work, investigated the mechanical properties and microstructure of Ground Tyre Rubber (GTR) i.e. polymeric waste blended with Natural Rubber (NR), Butadiene Rubber (BR), and Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) composites. A two-roll mill and hydraulic press were used to create NR (70 parts per hundred of rubber (phr)) composites with 25 phr of BR and 5 phr of SBR and various proportions of GTR (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 phr). With the incorporation of Nylon 6 (Ny 6) at 5 phr, the interfacial adhesion of NR/BR/SBR composites was improved. NR-based hybrid composites with mechanical and curing properties were enhanced and compared with pure NR. It was noted that the maximum tensile strength, tear strength, and hardness were enhanced by 77.74%, 17.9%, and 36.4% in NR/BR/SBR/GTR (70/25/5/40) over pure NR. The elongation at break was decreased by 54.55%, while young’s modulus was enhanced in NR/BR/SBR/GTR (70/25/5/40) over pure NR. With the incorporation of 40 phr of GTR in the NR/BR/SBR composites, cure properties like scorch time (tS2) and cure time (tC90) were reduced by 53.97% and 65.71%, while the minimum torque (ML) and maximum torque (MH) were enriched by 13.35% and 12%, respectively, when compared with the pure NR. Based on the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), GTR particles were uniformly distributed, and the thermal stability was enhanced by 25.40% in NR/BR/SBR/GTR (70/25/5/40) composites over pure NR. The absorption bands of NR, BR, SBR, and GTR elements in the developed hybrid composite were identified by Fourier transform infrared. The glass transition temperature (Tg) was diminished from -58.17°C to -63.42°C. With the inclusion of 40 phr of GTR in the NR/BR/SBR composite. Finally, it was recommended that the incorporation of 40 phr of GTR is suitable for NR/BR/SBR composites.
“…The decomposition of temperature range was 170°C–250°C, 425°C–550°C, and 300°C–450°C for NR, SBR, and BR, respectively. 42,47 Figure 12.(a) Pure NR composite and NR/BR/SBR/GTR composites of TGA. (b) Pure NR composite and NR/BR/SBR/GTR composites of DTA.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additionally, the asymmetrical stretching of -CH 3 at 2960 cm À1 and -CH 3 of symmetrical stretching deformation at 1375 cm À1 were the most significant peaks for identified the NR qualitatively and quantitatively. [39][40][41][42] The peaks around 1643 cm À1 , 887 cm À1 and 699 cm À1 can also identify NR. 40 The bands assigned to Silicon monoxide (Si-O) stretching at 1097 cm À1 for SiO 2 , and -C -Cstretching 1021 cm À1 for CB.…”
Section: Ftir Spectramentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The decomposition of temperature range was 170°C-250°C, 425°C-550°C, and 300°C-450°C for NR, SBR, and BR, respectively. 42,47 Based on Table 5, the material weight loss in the second region was 89.99%, 72.20%, and 67.13% for the Pure NR, the NR/BR/SBR composite, and the C40 composite, respectively. 48 In the third region, a small amount of weight loss was observed up to 900°C.…”
In this work, investigated the mechanical properties and microstructure of Ground Tyre Rubber (GTR) i.e. polymeric waste blended with Natural Rubber (NR), Butadiene Rubber (BR), and Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) composites. A two-roll mill and hydraulic press were used to create NR (70 parts per hundred of rubber (phr)) composites with 25 phr of BR and 5 phr of SBR and various proportions of GTR (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 phr). With the incorporation of Nylon 6 (Ny 6) at 5 phr, the interfacial adhesion of NR/BR/SBR composites was improved. NR-based hybrid composites with mechanical and curing properties were enhanced and compared with pure NR. It was noted that the maximum tensile strength, tear strength, and hardness were enhanced by 77.74%, 17.9%, and 36.4% in NR/BR/SBR/GTR (70/25/5/40) over pure NR. The elongation at break was decreased by 54.55%, while young’s modulus was enhanced in NR/BR/SBR/GTR (70/25/5/40) over pure NR. With the incorporation of 40 phr of GTR in the NR/BR/SBR composites, cure properties like scorch time (tS2) and cure time (tC90) were reduced by 53.97% and 65.71%, while the minimum torque (ML) and maximum torque (MH) were enriched by 13.35% and 12%, respectively, when compared with the pure NR. Based on the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), GTR particles were uniformly distributed, and the thermal stability was enhanced by 25.40% in NR/BR/SBR/GTR (70/25/5/40) composites over pure NR. The absorption bands of NR, BR, SBR, and GTR elements in the developed hybrid composite were identified by Fourier transform infrared. The glass transition temperature (Tg) was diminished from -58.17°C to -63.42°C. With the inclusion of 40 phr of GTR in the NR/BR/SBR composite. Finally, it was recommended that the incorporation of 40 phr of GTR is suitable for NR/BR/SBR composites.
“…The greatest amount is used by the automotive industry for various purposes, such as vibration dampers, seals, and tires, with the latter constituting the majority of rubber usage 1 . This is reflected later in the waste stream: waste tires are a major part of elastomer waste 2–4 . These materials are difficult to recycle due to their cross‐linked structure, making it impossible to process them with traditional mass production technologies (extrusion, injection molding) 5,6 .…”
In this study, we optimized the recipe of ground tire rubber (GTR) containing natural rubber–based vulcanizates using the Taguchi method. We examined the effect of the amount of different components on the mechanical properties of natural rubber–based vulcanizates containing GTR. We determined the individual impact of each component on the tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus, tear strength, and hardness of the vulcanizates. However, when multiple components are changed simultaneously, understanding the underlying processes can be challenging. Nevertheless, using the Taguchi method, we were able to decide which component quantity we needed to modify to enhance a specific mechanical property. With the Taguchi method, we determined how and to what extent each component influences the tensile strength of vulcanizates in a sulfur‐based vulcanization system. Finally, based on the results, we formulated a recipe to produce a vulcanizate with approximately 43% higher tensile strength compared to the reference.
“…In comparison to neat rubber compounds, cure characteristics, and tensile strength declined when rubber waste was combined with polymeric materials. [37][38][39][40] So, to avoid the deterioration of the blend properties, a coupling agent is used for reinforcing the bonding between components. An extensive study on the crosslinking of coupling agents and their effects on the composite properties has been done.…”
The most important goal of this work was to investigate the different physical and mechanical properties of the nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT)-filled 50/50 wt.% of natural rubber/styrene butadiene rubber (NR/SBR) blend containing 40 phr of waste tire rubber (WTR) in the presence of bio-resin. The MMT was added into the NR/SBR/WTR blends and processed via a two-roll mill to prepare blends at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 phr of nanoclay filler and a constant concentration of 10 phr of bio-resin. The morphology, rheological, percent of swelling weight, and mechanical properties of the MMT-reinforced NR/SBR/WTR blends were examined. The cure characteristics of the blends showed that MMT significantly affected the scorch and vulcanization times, torques, and curing rate of NR/SBR/WTR blends at all filler contents. Also, the findings revealed that the MMT was an efficient reinforcing material for the NR/SBR/WTR blend, improving crosslink density, tensile and tear strengths, hardness, compression set, and abrasion resistance. The tensile strength of filled NR/SBR/WTR blends achieved its maximum value (11.2 MPa) when the MMT content was 15 phr. While the elongation percent of the filled blends decreased for all MMT concentrations compared with the pristine blend. The elastic modulus and tear strength of the blends improved as the MMT loading increased. The hardness (Shore A) continued to increase with increasing MMT loading. On the contrary, the rebound resilience gradually decreased leading to improved interaction between the matrix and filler.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
