Processing of carbide-derived carbon (CDC) using biomorphic porous titanium carbide ceramics

Kormann, Martina; Ghanem, Hanadi; Gerhard, Helmut; Popovska, N.

doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2007.07.018

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The pore structure can be further analyzed by small-angle scattering techniques like X-ray scattering (SAXS) or neutron scattering (SANS), which allows also probing closed pores. For titanium carbide-derived carbon (TiC-CDC), which is subject of this study, sorption isotherm analysis [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and scattering [16,[23][24][25] results are discussed in literature, showing that TiC-CDC synthesized below 900 °C shows pore sizes in the range of carbon molecular sieves. Equilibrium CO 2 adsorption isotherms demonstrated that with TiC-CDC high CO 2 uptakes can be realized [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High selectivity of TiC-CDC for CO2/N2 separation

Silvestre-Albero

Rico-Francés

Rodríguez‐Reinoso

et al. 2013

Carbon

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A series of carbide-derived carbons (CDC) have been prepared starting from TiC and using different chlorine treatment temperatures (500ºC-1200ºC). Contrary to N 2 adsorption measurements at -196ºC, CO 2 adsorption measurements at room temperature and high pressure (up to 1 MPa) together with immersion calorimetry measurements into dichloromethane suggest that the synthesized CDC exhibit a similar porous structure, in terms of narrow pore volume, independently of the temperature of the reactive extraction treatment used (samples synthesized below 1000ºC). Apparently, these carbide-derived carbons exhibit narrow constrictions were CO 2 adsorption under standard conditions (0ºC and atmospheric pressure) is kinetically restricted. The same accounts for a slightly larger molecule as N 2 at a lower adsorption temperature (-196ºC), i.e. textural parameters obtained from N 2 adsorption measurements on CDC 2 must be underestimated. Furthermore, here we show experimentally that nitrogen exhibits an unusual behavior, poor affinity, on these carbide-derived carbons. CH 4 with a slightly larger diameter (0.39 nm) is able to partially access the inner porous structure whereas N 2 , with a slightly smaller diameter (0.36 nm), does not. Consequently, these CDC can be envisaged as excellent sorbent for selective CO 2 capture in flue-gas streams.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High selectivity of TiC-CDC for CO2/N2 separation

Silvestre-Albero

Rico-Francés

Rodríguez‐Reinoso

et al. 2013

Carbon

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“…The composite film obtained after sintering (Fig. 3b) shows the 101 peak of the TiO 2 at 25.21, which is associated with the anatase crystal phase of TiO 2 ; 13,21 other peaks of anatase are located at 37.71, 481, and 541 (JCPDS file 21-1272). A glance of the XRD pattern of the composite film in comparison with that of bare TiC powder, clearly shows the conversion of TiC into TiO 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basis for this idea was a report by Kormann et al that carbide-derived carbon coated TiC/TiO 2 ceramics with predominantly anatase phase show enhanced photo catalytic activity. 13 Titanium carbide (TiC) belongs to a class of extremely hard conducting ceramic materials, and is often used as a hard coating for titanium alloys, steels and aluminium components owing to its high mechanical stiffness, high thermal and electrical conductivity. It is also used in the metal matrix composites because of its advantages such as high hardness, good wetability, low density, chemical stability, economically producing methods, high melting point, and satisfactory resistance against thermal shocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced performance of a dye-sensitized solar cell with the incorporation of titanium carbide in the TiO2 matrix

Lee

Chen

Vittal

et al. 2010

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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The effects of incorporation of various weight percentages of titanium carbide (TiC) into TiO(2) matrices on the photovoltaics of the respective dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were investigated. It is established through relevant photographs, XRD and EDX analysis that TiC was partially converted into anatase TiO(2) (a-TiO(2)) when the TiC was sintered at 450 degrees C. With the incorporation of 3.0 wt% of the TiC in the TiO(2) film, the solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency (eta) of the cell reached 7.56% from its value of 6.61% with a bare TiO(2) film. "In situ" incorporation of this TiC/a-TiO(2) composite in the commercial TiO(2) is considered as the basis for enhanced cell efficiency of the benefited cell. The variations in J(SC), FF, and V(OC) are explained by analyzing the data of dark currents, UV-absorption spectra, transparency spectra, and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) which were obtained under illumination and darkness. Enhancement in the V(OC) for the promoted cell is explained through pertinent electron lifetime in the TiO(2) film, which was obtained by using laser-induced photo-voltage transient studies. Electron diffusion coefficient was also measured by using laser-induced photo-current transient studies.

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“…From the viewpoint of chemical reaction engineering however, kinetic parameters for dimensioning of a full scale are still missing. Kormann et al studied the mass loss over time during chlorination of biomorphic ceramics (titanium carbide and silicon carbide) however these data are also restricted to the specific substrate in the described reactor system and cannot be applied to other substrates [20,21]. The first broader approach to determine the kinetics of the conversion of a carbide with a background from chemical engineering has been published by Becker et al for the chlorination of titanium carbide powder materials [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations for the Production of Silicon Carbide‐derived Carbon Based on Intrinsic Kinetic Data

et al. 2012

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Recommendations for mode of operation and critical dimensions regarding inner mass transfer limitation were deduced for the technical extraction of silicon from silicon carbide to produce nanoporous carbon (carbide-derived carbon, CDC). The recommendations are based on intrinsic kinetics derived from experimental data and reaction engineering simulation of the transient process (shrinking-core like mechanism). As the reaction takes place at 1000°C under chlorine atmosphere, kinetic data as well as diffusion coefficients are extracted from integral conversion data in a lab scale reactor. The reaction rate dependency for varying chlorine concentrations is represented best by a Hougen-Watson type rate approach with dissociative adsorption of a reactant. From the experimental data the effective diffusion coefficient of chlorine in the resulting nanoporous carbon could also be derived to 4 · 10 -8 m 2 s -1 at 1000°C.

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Processing of carbide-derived carbon (CDC) using biomorphic porous titanium carbide ceramics

Cited by 28 publications

References 12 publications

High selectivity of TiC-CDC for CO2/N2 separation

High selectivity of TiC-CDC for CO2/N2 separation

Enhanced performance of a dye-sensitized solar cell with the incorporation of titanium carbide in the TiO2 matrix

Recommendations for the Production of Silicon Carbide‐derived Carbon Based on Intrinsic Kinetic Data

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