Processing of confined and naturally entrained leaf litter in a woodland stream ecosystem1

Cummins, Kenneth W.; Spengler, George L.; Ward, George; Speaker, Robert M.; Ovink, Roger W.; Mahan, David C.; Mattingly, Rosanna L.

doi:10.4319/lo.1980.25.5.0952

Cited by 105 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…VFBOM) in C53 compared with C55, in terms of higher standing crops and lower ash content, may have contributed to higher levels of chironomid production. Several studies have reported positive relationships between densities of various stream invertebrates and apparent food availability (Hawkins, 1986;Hawkins, Murphy & Anderson, 1982;Cummins et al, 1980;Drake, 1982). However, in the present study, only the densities of chironomids collected on the rock outcrops and those from the benthic cores in C53 showed a positive relationship with standing crops of VFBOM.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Secondary production of chironomid communities in insecticide‐treated and untreated headwater streams

1990

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SUMMARY. 1. Production of chironomid communities of three first order, Appalachian Mountain streams was estimated and the effects of an insecticide-induced disturbance on chironomid production was examined.2. Annual production of non-Tanypodinae chironomids in the streams during the first study year (no treatment) ranged from 1366 to 3636 mg m~2, while production of Tanypodinae chironomids ranged from 48 to 116 mg m~2. Production/biomass ratios ranged between 19 and 23 for non-Tanypodinae and from 6 to 7 for Tanypodinae chironomids.3. Insecticide applications resulted in significantly lower chironomid densities and biomass in the treated stream relative to the pretreatment year and reference stream. Annual production of non-Tanypodinae (703 mg m~2) and Tanypodinae (32 mg m~2) chironomids in the treated stream decreased by 64% and 67%, respectively, compared with the pretreatment year. In contrast, production of non-Tanypodinae (2084 mg m ) increased by 34% and production of Tanypodinae (96 mg m ) by 57% in the reference stream.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Secondary production of chironomid communities in insecticide‐treated and untreated headwater streams

1990

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“…In forested watersheds, litter fall plays a n important role as a source of organic matter in headwaters. It represents about 200 g C m-' channel area yr-' (range 25 to 400) (Dawson 1976, Bell 1978, Cummins et al 1980, Herbst 1980), making about 0.8 kg C km-2 watershed d-'. The C:N:P (molar) composition of this material is 1250:16:1 (Meybeck 1982).…”

Section: Constraints Characterizing the Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Phison River plume: coastal eutrophication in response to changes in land use and water management in the watershed

Billen¹,

Garnier²

1997

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

111

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Human impact on the coastal zone is mainly exerted through riverine nutrient delivery, dependent on land use and management of the watershed. The link between human activity and coastal eutrophication is not direct, however, because of the complexity of the processes involved in the retention or elimination of nutrients during their transfer along the aquatic continuum from land to sea. In order to explore this link, we make use of 2 idealized models respectively representing the ecological functioning of whole drainage networks including their stagnants annexes (the Riverstrahler model) and of river impacted coastal systems (the Zoco model). Coupling of these 2 models, which use exactly the same lunetic formulation for all microbiological processes with only slightly different parameter values, allows simulation of the major trends of the seasonal variations of coastal algal blooms in response to changes in land use in the watershed. The models were applied to a hypothetical rivercoastal zone system (the 'Phison River' and its plume in 'Eden Bight'), for a chronological succession of land use and management scenarios, ranging from the pristine forested watershed to the dense urbanization conditions of Western European industrialized countries. The results show that, as early as the beginning of the 19th century, development of intense blooms of non-diatoms, accompanied by a shift from phosphorus limitation to silica/nitrogen limitation, might have occurred in the coastal zone. In the second half of the 20th century, increased use of nitrogen fertilizers, coming after the suppression of wetlands and buffer strips along rivers, might have again pushed the coastal system to phosphorus limitation, while the introduction of phosphorus-containing washing powders (from the mid 1960s) again reversed this trend. Under the chosen conditions of land use and population density, it was found that elimination of nitrogen from wastewater through generalized tertiary treatment would not produce very significant changes in the eutrophication status of the coastal zone. On the other hand, phosphorus removal from point sources, preferably combined with wetlands restoration, would lead to a drastic reduction of algal blooms with a new shift to phosphorus limitation.

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“…Nevertheless, it is well established that invertebrate shredders can have an important role in processing leaf litter (Cummins et al 1980;Collier & Winterbourn 1987;Bird & Kaushik 1992), and that shredders (e.g., Anisocentropus kirramus: Nolen & Pearson 1993), scraper-grazers (e.g., Potamopyrgus jenkinsi : Hanlon 1981), and collectors (e.g., Gammarus pseudolimnaeus: Bird & Kaushik 1985) select particular kinds of leaves over others as food. This may be for a variety of reasons including the structure, chemistry, and toughness of the leaf, and also its degree of microbial conditioning and associated decomposition (Petersen & Cummins 1974;Irons et al 1988;Barlocher & Newell 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf breakdown and colonisation by invertebrates in a headwater stream: Comparisons of native and introduced tree species

Parkyn

Winterbourn

1997

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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Leaf breakdown, colonisation by invertebrates, food choice by a facultative shredder, and composition and activity of the microflora of leaves of three native and three introduced trees were investigated in a small headwater stream, South Island, New Zealand. Leaves of each species were immersed and collected after 1, 32, 60, and 95 days to measure mass loss and invertebrate colonisation. Additional leaves collected after 60 days were used for food choice and respiration experiments, and others taken after 95 days (some species) were examined with scanning electron microscopy. Leaf breakdown rates followed the sequence: elm > red beech > willow > mahoe > oak > mountain beech. Elm (introduced) and mahoe (native) supported the highest invertebrate densities, but shredders were most abundant on willow (introduced) and red beech (native) leaves. In laboratory choice trials the facultative shredder Olinga jeanae showed a preference for elm and red beech leaves which were fastest to break down and had high respiration rates. We found that leaves of introduced trees can be preferred by shredders and hence, no strong associations were apparent between shredders and these native trees. M96087

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Processing of confined and naturally entrained leaf litter in a woodland stream ecosystem1

Cited by 105 publications

References 8 publications

Secondary production of chironomid communities in insecticide‐treated and untreated headwater streams

Secondary production of chironomid communities in insecticide‐treated and untreated headwater streams

The Phison River plume: coastal eutrophication in response to changes in land use and water management in the watershed

Leaf breakdown and colonisation by invertebrates in a headwater stream: Comparisons of native and introduced tree species

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