Dense ceramics are irreplaceable in applications requiring high mechanical stiffness, chemical and temperature resistance and low weight. To improve their toughness, ceramics can be reinforced with elongated inclusions. Recent manufacturing strategies have been developed to control the orientations of disc-like microparticles in polymeric and ceramic matrices and to build periodic microstructures. Given the infinite number of possible microstructures available, modeling tools are required to select the potentially best design. Periodic microstructures can be involved in elastic wave scattering to dissipate mechanical energy from vibrations. In this paper, a model is proposed to determine the frequency bandgaps associated to periodic architectures in composites and ceramics and the influence of microstructural parameters are investigated. The results are used to define guidelines for the future fabrication of hard bulk ceramic materials that combine traditional ceramic's properties with high vibration resistance. Ceramics are advantageous in many high technological applications such as turbine blades, pipelines or tiles of spacecrafts thanks to their chemical inertness, stability until high temperature and high strength and hardness. However, non-piezoelectric ceramic do not present the damping capacity that is required to dissipate the energy from high mechanical impacts and vibrations. Instead, microcracking will occur [1]. To prevent failure of structural parts submitted to vibrations and impacts, reinforced composite laminates are replacing fragile ceramics. However, polymer-based composites cannot sustain the temperatures and harsh environments experienced by turbine blades or space shuttles. Ceramic matrix composites (CMC) are ceramics reinforced with inclusions to increase their toughness and strength [2]. However, their vibration resistance should be further improved for long timer performance under high mechanical dynamic solicitations.