Processing of electroceramic-polymer composites using the electrorheological effect

Randall, Clive A.; Miller, David V.; Adair, James H.; Bhalla, A. S.

doi:10.1557/jmr.1993.0899

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15] It is demonstrated that dielectrophoresis can be used for structuring of PZT particles as columns in a polymer matrix, resulting in composites with quasi 1-3 connectivity. [16][17][18][19] This will keep the manufacturing process as simple as 0-3 composites, and consequently, production costs can be kept low. In dielectrophoresis, when a moderate electric field is applied across a suspension of ferroelectric particles in an insulating medium, the particles orient themselves toward the direction of applied electric field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric and mechanical properties of structured PZT–epoxy composites

et al. 2013

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Structured lead zirconium titanate (PZT)-epoxy composites are prepared by dielectrophoresis. The piezoelectric and dielectric properties of the composites as a function of PZT volume fraction are investigated and compared with the corresponding unstructured composites. The effect of poling voltage on piezoelectric properties of the composites is studied for various volume fractions of PZT composites. The experimentally observed piezoelectric and dielectric properties have been compared with theoretical models. Dielectrophoretically structured composites exhibit higher piezoelectric voltage coefficients compared to 0-3 composites. Structured composites with 0.1 volume fraction of PZT have the highest piezoelectric voltage coefficient. The flexural strength and bending modulus of the structured and random composites were analyzed using three-point bending tests.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric and mechanical properties of structured PZT–epoxy composites

et al. 2013

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“…Electric fields have also been used to make oriented structures in other polymer systems including one- 10,11 and two-phase 12,13 polymer solutions, block copolymer melts, [14][15][16][17] homopolymer/block copolymer mixtures, 18 and polymer/ceramic composites. 19,20 Morphology development in polymer mixtures containing two immiscible homopolymers dissolved in a mutual solvent in the presence of a dc electric field during solvent evaporation was first investigated by Venugopal et al [3][4][5] The polymer mixtures used included polystyrene (PS) with such other polymers as poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVA), polybutadiene (PB), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in toluene or cyclohexanone as a solvent. They showed that when the dielectric constants of the dispersed phase ( d ) and the matrix ( m ) were about the same, namely, in the PS/ PB/toluene system, there was no apparent droplet deformation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Droplet Deformation and Structure Formation in Two-Phase Polymer/Polymer/Toluene Mixtures in an Electric Field

Krause

1998

Macromolecules

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Droplet deformation and the development of the final morphology after solvent evaporation were studied in two-phase ternary polymer/polymer/solvent mixtures in an electric field. The polymer mixtures used included polystyrene (PS) with such other polymers as poly(vinyl acetate) (PVA), poly-(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), or polybutadiene (PB) in toluene as a solvent. In a dc field, the dispersed phases were distorted into ellipsoids with their major axes either parallel (prolate ellipsoids) or perpendicular (oblate ellipsoids) to the field direction, and/or they aligned in the field direction to form pearl chains. Droplets of the dispersed phases sometimes coalesced to form columns either parallel or perpendicular to the electric field direction. Sometimes the droplets or columns broke up into smaller droplets in the dc field. The final morphology usually contained spheres or prolate or oblate ellipsoids either randomly distributed in the matrix or in the form of pearl chains or columns. It was found that the conductivity ratio between the dispersed and continuous phases is extremely important in structure formation in these nonconducting systems.

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“…Orientation of this filler in the thickness direction will decrease the spacing between silica particles and intensify the dipolar interaction between polarized particles in this direction. Less the spacing between particles, higher the intensity of local electric fields, and thus higher dielectric permittivity would be [17]. Orientation of filler particles in the thickness direction has not increased dielectric loss of the composite significantly, as shown in Figure 5.…”

Section: Dielectric Behavior Of Compositesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of filler modification and structuring on dielectric enhancement of silicone rubber composites

Javadi

Razzaghi‐Kashani

2013

SPIE Proceedings

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Preferred structuring of filler particles in a polymer matrix by using dielectrophoretic assembly process can enhance anisotropic dielectric properties. For this purpose, precipitated silica (SiO 2 ) was structured in silicone rubber using an alternating electric field. This filler structure was stabilized by vulcanizing rubber during electric field application. Filler particle orientation and resulted anisotropy was verified by equilibrium swelling. Structuring filler in the rubber matrix led to increased dielectric permittivity and loss in the thickness direction. Filler surface modification by (vinyl-tris-(2-diethoxy/methoxy) silane) improved structure formation and anisotropic properties. It was shown that applying silane modifier and orientation of silica particles by dielectrophoretic assembly process increased dielectric permittivity of silicone rubber in the thickness direction while dielectric loss had either minor changes or increased less than permittivity in this direction. Although elastic modulus of composite, which was measured by dynamic-mechanical analysis, increased to some extent, enhancement in dielectric permittivity was much higher. This introduced the structured composite as a potential for dielectric elastomeric actuator with higher efficiency than the original silicone rubber with no filler addition.

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Processing of electroceramic-polymer composites using the electrorheological effect

Cited by 37 publications

References 14 publications

Piezoelectric and mechanical properties of structured PZT–epoxy composites

Piezoelectric and mechanical properties of structured PZT–epoxy composites

Droplet Deformation and Structure Formation in Two-Phase Polymer/Polymer/Toluene Mixtures in an Electric Field

Effects of filler modification and structuring on dielectric enhancement of silicone rubber composites

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