Processing of Social and Monetary Rewards in the Human Striatum

Izuma, Keise; Saito, Daisuke N.; Sadato, Norihiro

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.03.020

Cited by 744 publications

(701 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Our previous finding of activation in ventral striatum during judgments of self and a close other (Grigg & Grady, 2010a) is consistent with the idea that there is an intimate link between self and reward (Northoff & Hayes, 2011). Others have shown that social stimuli, such as faces, can have rewarding properties and activate the ventral striatum (Izuma, Saito, & Sadato, 2008;Liang, Zebrowitz, & Zhang, 2010), and that learning about social information involves the same kinds of behavioral processes, and some of the same brain areas, as learning about the rewarding properties of stimuli (Behrens, Hunt, Woolrich, & Rushworth, 2008).…”

Section: The Reward Network (Rn)supporting

confidence: 88%

Age differences in default and reward networks during processing of personally relevant information

Grady

Grigg

2012

Neuropsychologia

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We recently found activity in default mode and reward-related regions during self-relevant tasks in young adults. Here we examine the effect of aging on engagement of the default network (DN) and reward network (RN) during these tasks. Previous studies have shown reduced engagement of the DN and reward areas in older adults, but the influence of age on these circuits during selfrelevant tasks has not been examined. The tasks involved judging personality traits about one's self or a well known other person. There were no age differences in reaction time on the tasks but older adults had more positive Self and Other judgments, whereas younger adults had more negative judgments. Both groups had increased DN and RN activity during the self-relevant tasks, relative to non-self tasks, but this increase was reduced in older compared to young adults. Functional connectivity of both networks during the tasks was weaker in the older relative to younger adults. Intrinsic functional connectivity, measured at rest, also was weaker in the older adults in the DN, but not in the RN. These results suggest that, in younger adults, the processing of personally relevant information involves robust activation of and functional connectivity within these two networks, in line with current models that emphasize strong links between the self and reward. The finding that older adults had more positive judgments, but weaker engagement and less consistent functional connectivity in these networks, suggests potential brain mechanisms for the "positivity bias" with aging.

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Section: The Reward Network (Rn)supporting

confidence: 88%

Age differences in default and reward networks during processing of personally relevant information

Grady

Grigg

2012

Neuropsychologia

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“…Based on the role of these regions in reward processing [Carlson et al, 2011;Cromwell et al, 2005;McClure et al, 2004;Rushworth et al, 2011;Sescousse et al, 2015], our findings dovetail with the notion that downward comparison is experienced as rewarding [Bault et al, 2011;Dvash et al, 2010;Fliessbach et al, 2007]. Prior studies have shown the involvement of the VS in the processing of other types of social rewards, including good reputation [Izuma et al, 2008;Meshi et al, 2013] and social approval [Izuma et al, 2010]. These findings have led researchers to propose that the VS and vmPFC, in addition to being key brain areas for material reward (e.g., food and money) processing, also play a crucial role in registering a broad spectrum of social rewards [Delgado, 2007].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Social comparison in the brain: A coordinate‐based meta‐analysis of functional brain imaging studies on the downward and upward comparisons

Luo

Eickhoff

Hétu

et al. 2017

Human Brain Mapping

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Social comparison is ubiquitous across human societies with dramatic influence on people's well-being and decision making. Downward comparison (comparing to worse-off others) and upward comparison (comparing to better-off others) constitute two types of social comparisons that produce different neuropsychological consequences. Based on studies exploring neural signatures associated with downward and upward comparisons, the current study utilized a coordinate-based meta-analysis to provide a refinement of understanding about the underlying neural architecture of social comparison. We identified consistent involvement of the ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in downward comparison and consistent involvement of the anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in upward comparison. These findings fit well with the "common-currency" hypothesis that neural representations of social gain or loss resemble those for non-social reward or loss processing. Accordingly, we discussed our findings in the framework of general reinforcement learning (RL) hypothesis, arguing how social gain/loss induced by social comparisons could be encoded by the brain as a domain-general signal (i.e., prediction errors) serving to adjust people's decisions in social settings. Although the RL account may serve as a heuristic framework for the future research, other plausible accounts on the neuropsychological mechanism of social comparison were also acknowledged. Hum Brain Mapp 39:440-458, 2018.V C 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…Error bars reflect one between-subject SE. Social learning of value is modulated by methylphenidate DK Campbell-Meiklejohn et al findings that agreement with others and gains of reputation evoke similar reward activity in the striatum to that of nonsocial rewards (Campbell-Meiklejohn et al, 2010;Izuma et al, 2008;Zink et al, 2008). The hypothesis also assumes that the magnitude of a cued incentive is carried by phasic dopamine signals, which has been shown previously (Tobler et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Correspondingly, studies have consistently reported that cognitive components of conformity can be tracked in the activity of brain regions known to mediate reinforcement learning. These include responses to social agreement (Campbell-Meiklejohn et al, 2010), conformity-inducing conflict (Berns et al, 2010;Campbell-Meiklejohn et al, 2010;Klucharev et al, 2009), changes of reputation (Izuma et al, 2008;Zink et al, 2008), and socially induced changes of object value (CampbellMeiklejohn et al, 2010;Mason et al, 2009;Zaki et al, 2011). In nonsocial domains, task performance related to the same fronto-striatal circuitry is known to be sensitive to levels of catecholamine activity (Berridge, 2007;Clatworthy et al, 2009;Cools et al, 2001;Del Campo et al, 2011;Robbins and Arnsten, 2009), but catecholamine mediation of conformity of value has not yet been established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Social Influence by Methylphenidate

Campbell-Meiklejohn

Simonsen

Jensen

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The ability to infer value from the reactions of other people is a common and essential ability with a poorly understood neurobiology. Commonly, social learning matches one's values and behavior to what is perceived as normal for one's social group. This is known as conformity. Conformity of value correlates with neural activity shared by cognitions that depend on optimum catecholamine levels, but catecholamine involvement in conformity has not been tested empirically. Methylphenidate (MPH) is an indirect dopamine and noradrenalin agonist, commonly used for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder for which it reduces undesirable behavior as evaluated by peers and authority figures, indicative of increased conformity. We hypothesized that MPH might increase conformity of value. In all, 38 healthy adult females received either a single oral 20 mg dose of MPH or placebo (PL). Each subject rated 153 faces for trustworthiness followed immediately by the face's mean rating from a group of peers. After 30 min and a 2-back continuousperformance working-memory task, subjects were unexpectedly asked to rate all the faces again. Both the groups tended to change their ratings towards the social norm. The MPH group exhibited twice the conformity effect of the PL group following moderate social conflict, but this did not occur following large conflicts. This suggests that MPH might enhance signals that would otherwise be too weak to evoke conformity. MPH did not affect 2-back performance. We provide a new working hypothesis of a neurocognitive mechanism by which MPH reduces socially disruptive behavior and provides novel evidence of catecholamine mediation of social learning.

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Processing of Social and Monetary Rewards in the Human Striatum

Cited by 744 publications

References 73 publications

Age differences in default and reward networks during processing of personally relevant information

Age differences in default and reward networks during processing of personally relevant information

Social comparison in the brain: A coordinate‐based meta‐analysis of functional brain imaging studies on the downward and upward comparisons

Modulation of Social Influence by Methylphenidate

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