Processing Proximal Processes: What Bronfenbrenner Meant, What He Didn't Mean, and What He Should Have Meant

Abstract

Although Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory is heavily cited, one of its major conceptsproximal processes-has received relatively little attention. We explore the definition and properties of proximal process as the "engines of development," analyze how proximal processes are distinguished from Bronfenbrenner's discussions of "process," and consider whether proximal processes are always positive. Bronfenbrenner viewed proximal processes as having positive effects on development (by increasing competency or buffering dysfunction); to expand this concept, we propose the notion of inverse proximal processes, which in higher levels produce dysfunction and reduce competency. In keeping with Bronfenbrenner's thinking, these inverse proximal processes would have stronger effects in disadvantaged environments. We thus offer a broader framework for understanding the impact of everyday activities and interactions occurring over time in human

A bio-environmental perspective on Emirati female college students’ experiences in virtual learning communities of inquiry

“…In their perception of social presence in VLEs, students indicated the need to use multiple modes of effective expressions such as frequent communication and interactive group formations. Participants suggested formal groups assigned by teachers, informal groups, and participation in learning forums, which should be monitored by teachers (Merçon‐Vargas et al, 2020 ).…”

“…These proximal processes are bidirectional, in that the ecology changes the individual and vice versa. Productive learning environments require proximal processes ( relationships ) to achieve expected positive learning results (Ceci, 2006 ; Merçon‐Vargas et al, 2020 ). Well-designed learning endowments without relationships fail to achieve targeted objectives.…”

Commentary: Deepening understanding of refugee children and adolescents using Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological and PPCT models – A Commentary on Arakelyan and Ager (2020)

“…Especially important is how their discussion connects with recent interpretations of proximal processes and agency as helpful in explaining both positive and negative outcomes for children (Merçon‐Vargas, Lima, Rosa, & Tudge, 2020). Merçon‐Vargas et al (2020) highlight that Bronfenbrenner’s conceptualization of proximal process is built on Kurt Lewin’s formulation of B = f (PE). Although Bronfenbrenner replaced the B (behavior) with a D (development), he retained the idea that P (person) and E (environment) interaction is a joint function .…”

“…Importantly, the development that takes place in these systems does not occur quickly, and it emerges over time through a series of progressively more complex interactions in different contexts. Following Bronfenbrenner’s advice (Bronfenbrenner & Evans, 2000; Merçon‐Vargas et al, 2020), researchers should compare individuals from at least two different macrosystems who have experienced the migration pathways and processes across different dimension of time (i.e., developmental ages and/or time periods) to better understand the interactive joint functions of force and resource characteristics and specific environments. Results from studies like these would further help to differentiate the risk‐protective factors model from Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory.…”

COVID-19: Reflections on the Crisis, Transformation, and Interactive Processes Under Development

“…The interactions assume a prominent place in the perspective of the bioecological theory of human development (Bronfenbrenner and Morris 2006). Since the beginning of the theory's elaboration, the understanding that interactions in different ecological contexts are the focus of studies on human development is evident (Merçon-Vargas et al 2020). Throughout the maturation of the theory, interactions started to have greater emphasis, particularly with the discussion about proximal processes, referring to the lasting and significant forms of interactions in the immediate environment, of coexistence.…”