Processing science: an approach for prepreg composite systems

Halpin, J. C.; Kardos, J. L.; Duduković, Milorad P.

doi:10.1351/pac198355050893

Cited by 56 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…1. The composite thermal conductivity K in the direction perpendicular to the planes of the laminate is computed using Halpin-Tasi equation [2] 1 2…”

Section: Thermal Model For Conventional Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the cure progresses, temperature of the inner layers may exceed the outer layers due to the exothermic cure reaction and low thermal conductivity of the composite. Uncontrolled polymerization may cause undesired and excessive thermal variation that could induce microscopic defects such as voids, bubbles and debonded broken reinforcement, in the network structure of the matrix phase [1] [2] Processing of polymeric composites is based on thermoset matrices, therefore requires optimization of the cure cycle parameters as well as adequate formation of the reacting system as a function of the geometry of the parts [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of Conventional Autoclave Curing of Unsaturated Polyester Based Composite Materials as Production Process Guide

Adeodu¹,

Anyaeche²,

Oluwole³

et al. 2015

IJMSA

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Abstract:Modeling of composite curing process is required prior to composite production as this would help in establishing correct production parameters thereby eliminating costly trial and error runs. Determining curing profile temperatures from experiment is a huge challenge which in itself is like re-inventing the wheel of trial and error, when mathematical models of physical, chemical and kinetic properties of the constituent materials could be used in modeling the cure situation to some degree of trust. This work has modeled two types of polymer based composite materials (Aluminum filled polyester and carbon-black filled polyester) representing polymer-metal and polymer-organic composites in order to predict the possible trends during conventional autoclave heating with regards to effect of heating rate on degree of cure of the composites. The numerical models were constructed by taking into account the heat transferred by conduction through the resin/filler mixture, as well as kinetic heat generated by cure reaction. The numerical solution of the mathematical models presented were discretized using forward finite differences of the Runge Kuta Method and finally solved using MATLAB® C programming language. It was observed that Aluminum filled polyester composite responded faster to heat input-induced curing and as such was able to cure faster than polyester -carbon black composite which had much slower cure -heat input response. This implies that in the production process of polymer-organic composites, faster heating rate was necessary to input heat into the process as there was no heat of reaction released during the cure process whereas, polymer-metal composites release heat of reaction contributing to the quick transfer of heat into the metal components causing the metal components to behave as points of adhesion to the polymer matrix thereby necessitating a slower heating rate.

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“…1. The composite thermal conductivity K in the direction perpendicular to the planes of the laminate is computed using Halpin-Tasi equation [2] 1 2…”

Section: Thermal Model For Conventional Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Conventional Autoclave Curing of Unsaturated Polyester Based Composite Materials as Production Process Guide

Adeodu¹,

Anyaeche²,

Oluwole³

et al. 2015

IJMSA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…7. The composite thermal conductivity K in the direction perpendicular to the planes of the laminate is computed using Halpin-Tasi equation [12] 1 2…”

Section: For Curingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparism of Cure Modeling of Unsaturated Polyester Based Composites Using Microwave and Autoclave Assisted Hand Lay-Up Process in Cylinderical Mould

Adeodu¹

2015

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Abstract:Modeling of composite curing process is required prior to composite production as this would help in establishing correct production parameter and method of curing thereby eliminating costly trial and producing an effective method of curing a particular polymeric composite. The main objective of this work is to compare the difference between modeled microwave and conventional autoclave heating methods in producing polyester-aluminum and polyester-carbon black composites. This will establish the effectiveness of a curing method in the production of a particular polymer composite i. e, prediction of best possible trends during microwave and conventional autoclave heating with regards to effect of heating rate on degree of cure of the composites. The numerical models were constructed by taking into account heat transferred by electromagnetic energy (microwave) and heat transferred by conduction (conventional autoclave) through the resin/filler mixture, as well as kinetic heat generated by cure reaction. The numerical solution of the mathematical models presented were discretized using forward finite differences of the RungeKuta method and finally solved using MATLAB® Computer programming language. It was observed that curing of the samples was achieved faster in microwave than conventional autoclave method as microwave heat transfer by electromagnetic energy produces volumetric heat flow as compared to conventional autoclave whose heat transfer by conduction generates transverse heat flow to the samples. This implies that in the production process of polymer-matrix composites, electromagnetic energy through microwave was able to produce faster heating rate; thus, an effective method of curing in the production process of polymer-metal composites.

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“…Halpin, Gutowski, Springer, Kardos, and Nicolais have studied in detail the consolidation of thermosetting based composites while we have focused our efforts in prepreg process analysis [10][11][12][13][14]. While several attempts have been made to extend an all encompassing description of these processes to thermoplastic prepreg consolidation, there are several fundamental descriptors that are needed before these methodologies can be generalized.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Compression Thermal Analysis of the Consolidation Process for Thermoplastic Matrix Composites

Nelson¹,

Månson²,

Seferis³

1990

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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Consolidation of thermoplastic prepregs was measured with an integrally- heated parallel platen apparatus attached to a servo-hydraulic mechanical testing machine. The apparatus was designed as a small-scale, well-instrumented press The lamination or consolidation process was viewed as a superposition of three distinctly occurring events identified as void volume reduction, fiber spreading, and autohesion. Consolidation was measured in relation to the original prepreg thickness and was reported as compressive or consolidation strain as a function of temperature. The derivative of the consolidation strain, the consolidation strain rate, was found to be qualitatively descriptive of vis coelastic phenomena occurring in the prepreg stack during consolidation. The apparatus was sensitive enough to identify glass and melt transitions of the polymer matrix, and to provide a measure of the net consolidation for a given processing cycle. The strain and the strain rate data were compared to thermoanalytical prepreg data obtained by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). Three different thermoplastic matrix composite systems were examined with this apparatus: Poly (etheretherketone) (PEEK), Poly(etherimide) (PEI), and Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Each of these materials exhibited a distinct consolidation profile. Collectively, the results generated by these diverse systems established the usefulness of this consolidation thermal analysis as a processing screening tool for thermoplastic-based composites.

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Processing science: an approach for prepreg composite systems

Cited by 56 publications

References 9 publications

Modeling of Conventional Autoclave Curing of Unsaturated Polyester Based Composite Materials as Production Process Guide

Modeling of Conventional Autoclave Curing of Unsaturated Polyester Based Composite Materials as Production Process Guide

Comparism of Cure Modeling of Unsaturated Polyester Based Composites Using Microwave and Autoclave Assisted Hand Lay-Up Process in Cylinderical Mould

Compression Thermal Analysis of the Consolidation Process for Thermoplastic Matrix Composites

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