Processing window and evaporation phenomena for Ti–6Al–4V produced by selective electron beam melting

Juechter, Vera; Scharowsky, T.; Singer, Robert F.; Körner, Carolin

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2014.05.037

Cited by 197 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Surfi-Sculpt process using laser beam with a movable scanner or worktable, can output similar but fewer types of patterns for protrusions on metal surface [20]; however, the processing rate is much slower than that in the electron beam Surfi-Sculpt process, due to the slow response of scanner or worktable in laser beam processing. Furthermore, in electron beam Surfi-Sculpt process vacuum environment can improve the surface quality of work-piece and oxide of titanium alloys can be eliminated [21].…”

Section: Electron Beam Surfi-sculpt Is a Novel Surface Structuring Tementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of forming parameters on electron beam Surfi-Sculpt protrusion for Ti–6Al–4V

et al. 2015

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The development of electron beam Surfi-Sculpt enables many types of protrusions in a wide range of metallic materials to be tailored. The effect of forming parameters, including heat input and scanning frequency on the quality of protrusions and microstructure evolution were studied. The micro-hardness of heat affected zone was greater than that of the molten zone and parent material. Forming parameters were optimized by comparing the height of the protrusion. This study can provide guidance for an optimum protrusion design.

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Section: Electron Beam Surfi-sculpt Is a Novel Surface Structuring Tementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of forming parameters on electron beam Surfi-Sculpt protrusion for Ti–6Al–4V

et al. 2015

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“…The same material processed with different parameter sets and scanning strategies may either be isotropic or show a high texture, 25 fine or coarse grained [26][27][28] and a homogenous or inhomogeneous chemical composition. 7,29,30 Composition inhomogeneities result from selective evaporation of elements with a low vapour pressure. Since heating is up to very high temperatures and the process works under vacuum conditions, evaporation has to be taken into consideration.…”

Section: Materials Consolidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive manufacturing of metallic components by selective electron beam melting — a review

Körner

2016

International Materials Reviews

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812

356

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Selective electron beam melting (SEBM) belongs to the additive manufacturing technologies which are believed to revolutionise future industrial production. Starting from computer-aided designed data, components are built layer by layer within a powder bed by selectively melting the powder with a high power electron beam. In contrast to selective laser melting (SLM), which can be used for metals, polymers and ceramics, the application field of the electron beam is restricted to metallic components since electric conductivity is required. On the other hand, the electron beam works under vacuum conditions, can be moved at extremely high velocities and a high beam power is available. These features make SEBM especially interesting for the processing of high-performance alloys. The present review describes SEBM with special focus on the relationship between process characteristics, material consolidation and the resulting materials and component properties.

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“…The surface of the liquid metal becomes dented when the recoil pressure (i.e., the metal vapor pressure) overcomes the surface tension at the melting pool. Due to the extremely high temperature of the melting pool, the evaporation of metallic material during laser scanning could possibly occur, as was reported elsewhere [36,37]. This evaporation could lead to instantaneous volume expansion by solid-gas transformation and then produce pressure on the melting pool.…”

Section: Relationship Between Surface Morphology and Pore Distributionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Next, we discuss the effect of scanning speeds on increasing hardness at the same energy density. Juechter et al [37] reported that lower scanning speeds led to stronger heat loss during irradiation, caused by increasing local interaction times between beam and powder. Higher scanning speeds apparently lead to shorter local interaction times, so that higher scanning speeds effectively apply energy from the laser.…”

Section: Vickers Hardness Of As-built Zr-1mo Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of a Low Magnetic Zr-1Mo Alloy by Powder Bed Fusion Using a Fiber Laser

Sun

Zhou

Kikuchi

et al. 2017

Metals

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Abstract:A low magnetic Zr-1Mo alloy was fabricated by a powder bed fusion (PBF) process using a fiber laser. The microstructure, surface morphology, and pore distribution of the as-built Zr-1Mo alloy were observed. Its magnetic susceptibility and Vickers hardness were evaluated by magnetic susceptibility balance and a microindentation tester, respectively. The as-built Zr-1Mo alloy mainly consisted of an α phase with an acicular structure. From the processing maps of the surface morphology and pore distribution, open pores on the top surface due to the lack of fusion corresponded to grid-like distributed pores, and large pores corresponded to balling particles on the top surface. The Vickers hardness was influenced by the oxygen and nitrogen contents rather than the porosity. The magnetic susceptibilities of the as-built Zr-1Mo alloy still were one-third those of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb, thus PBF can be applicable to the fabrication process for the low magnetic Zr-1Mo alloy.

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Processing window and evaporation phenomena for Ti–6Al–4V produced by selective electron beam melting

Cited by 197 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of forming parameters on electron beam Surfi-Sculpt protrusion for Ti–6Al–4V

Effect of forming parameters on electron beam Surfi-Sculpt protrusion for Ti–6Al–4V

Additive manufacturing of metallic components by selective electron beam melting — a review

Fabrication and Characterization of a Low Magnetic Zr-1Mo Alloy by Powder Bed Fusion Using a Fiber Laser

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