PRODUCCIÓN MASIVA DE Trichoderma harzianum Rifai EN DIFERENTES SUSTRATOS ORGÁNICOS

Conidia production of Isaria fumosorosea (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) in organic substrates through two propagation techniques

“…In this study, the production of conidia of native isolates and a strain of I. fumosorosea was evaluated by means of these two propagation methods using rice grain, corn kernel and grain, barley grain, canary seed and peanut pericarp as substrates. The results showed that for solid fermentation the corn kernel obtained the highest yields (2.35 × 10 7 conidia g -1 ) while the peanut pericarp obtained the lowest (5.30 × 10 5 conidia g -1 ).These results coincide with those reported by Bahdauria et al (2012) who reported up to 2.33 × 10 7 conidia g -1 for the corn grain, while for the pericarp of peanuts in a study with Trichoderma harzianum they obtained yields of up to 1.80 × 10 8 spores per gram (MICHEL-ACEVES et al, 2008), far superior to those obtained in this work. Regarding the remaining substrates, the production levels were kept within the range of 10 5 for the cobs, grain of barley and of canary seed and of 10 7 for the grain of rice, which contrasts with the results obtained by Figueroa et al (2007) who report yields of 6.94 × 10 9 conidia g -1 in rice grain and up to 2.19 × 10 10 conidia g -1 in barley grain and by Carr et al (2003) who report 8.00 -9.00 × 10 8 conidia g -1 in husk and rice rind as a substrate with native strains of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus.…”

“…In the present study, a nutritional analysis of each of the substrates used was not performed, however, according to the data reported by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA 2016), about the nutritional information of the grains of rice, corn and barley that were the ones that obtained the best average yields in terms of the production of conidia per gram for both methods, for the grain of rice they report 79.95 g of available carbohydrates for only 7.13 g of protein, for corn 74.26 g of carbohydrates and 9.42 g of protein and for barley 73.48 g of carbohydrates and 12.48 g of proteins , all these values for every 100 g of each of these cereals. These values explain in a certain way the results obtained since in comparison with the corn cob, the canary seed and the peanut pericarp, their nutritional composition is more complete at least in these macronutrients, since for example for the grain bird seed each 100 g only 60.93 are available as carbohydrates (AGRICULTURE AND AGRI-FOOD CANADA, 2016) and for the peanut pericarp and the corn cob their main composition is based on lignocellulosic compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin (RAVERA et al, 2008;CORDOBA et al, 2013), among others, which cannot be exploited in full by fungi such as I. fumosorosea because they lack the adequate enzymatic apparatus to do so (DE CAROLINA SÁNCHEZ-PÉREZ et al, 2014) and for other fungi such as Trichoderma harzianum, which agrees with that reported by Michel-Aceves et al (2008) who mention yields of up to 1.98 and 4.43 × 10 8 conidia g -1 in pericarp of peanut and corn cob, respectively. On the other hand it is known that enriched media, both in nitrogen and carbon, favor the production of biomass; however, it must be considered that higher mycelial growth does not necessarily result in high conidia production (MÉNDEZ et al, 2009), as mentioned by Moore (1996) that sporulation and mycelial growth can be favored by the presence of monosaccharides such as glucose or fructose, but not all nitrogen sources can favor these processes since amino acids such as asparagine and other ammonia compounds can accumulate during somatic growth by alkalizing the medium and inhibiting the processes of conidiation and growth, which agrees with Elósegui (2006) who mentions that to induce the sporulation process in fungi, it is necessary that the carbon source of the culture medium be abundant and the nitrogen content is the growth limiting factor.…”

“…These results coincide with those reported by Mascarin et al (2010) for biphasic culture with strains of I. farinosa and I. fumosorosea who report values in a range of 10 7 in different varieties of rice (whole, broken, white) as a substrate and different combinations of liquid media for the pre-inoculum phase. In another study Méndez et al (2009) carried out the production of Nomuraea rileyi by biphasic culture and reported values of 1.68 ×10 10 conidia g -1 , whereas in a study with Lecanicillium lecanii with this same type of culture, values of up to 1.49 × 10 9 conidia g -1 were obtained using combinations of liquid media obtained from agroindustrial waste and by-products and a solid phase prepared with mixtures of cereals and derivatives (RIBEIRO-MACHADO et al, 2010).…”

Control biológico de la pudrición de mazorca en genotipos de maíz con especies de Trichoderma

“…Los productos de PCR fueron secuenciados por el laboratorio Macrogen (Rockville, USA). Las secuencias obtenidas fueron comparadas con las registradas en la base de datos del GenBank del National Center for with potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and massively increased in rice seeds according to the methodology suggested by Michel-Aceves et al (2008), the species used were, T. harzianum, T. asperellum and T. longibrachiatum.…”

Alternatives for the production of microbial biopesticides based on fungi: the case of Latin America and the Caribbean

“…Diversas publicaciones (Castillo-Lopez et al, 2014;Jenkins et al, 1998;Kobori et al, 2015;Mascarin et al, 2014;Michel-Aceves et al, 2008;Mishra et al, 2016;Xie et al, 2016) abordan la producción masiva de hongos para control biológico, aunque la mayoría describe investigaciones sobre la optimización de la producción de conidios para una cepa específica en un determinado sustrato, pero pocas veces van más allá del nivel de laboratorio. También se hace difícil la comparación entre los procesos de producción que se publican debido a las diferencias en la forma en que se reportan los resultados obtenidos.…”