Production &amp; Characterization of Activated Carbon Membranes

Eltom, Amal Elzubair; Lessa, Marcus Paulo Fournier; Silva, Marcelo José da; Rocha, José Carlos da

doi:10.1016/s2238-7854(12)70015-7

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It can also be physically and chemically tailored to suit a particular application. AC is used in a wide range of applications including water and gas purification, air filters in gas masks and respirators, medicine, air pollution control, energy storage, fuel cells, batteries and many other applications [2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Feasibility of Processing Activated Carbon/UHMWPE Polymer Composite Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Khalil

Hopkinson²,

Kowalski

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Activated Carbon (AC) is widely available at a relatively low cost, has a high porosity and is commonly used as a filter material for a range of applications. However, it is a brittle and friable material. Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) polymer is a tough engineering plastic that has been used as a binder. The traditional method used in manufacturing AC/UHMWPE filters involves compressing AC/UHMWPE composite powder during heating in a mould. This process compresses the particles together and the materials undergo sintering. This process results in a low pore interconnectivity, which has a considerable impact on the filter’s efficiency. Selective Laser Sintering is a laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing technique for polymers. This has a number of advantages compared to the conventional technique and produces a porous structure with improved filtration efficiency. We propose that this is due to the greater pore interconnectivity. In this work, AC/UHMWPE powdered composites were prepared with different AC and UHMWPE ratios. The structure and properties of the AC/UHMWPE composite were investigated and characterised to assess their suitability for selective laser sintering. Particle size and morphology analysis were conducted, as well as density measurements, powder flow, thermal analysis, and crystallinity measurements. The results reveal that the addition of AC improves the UHMWPE flow. The thermal analysis results show that the intrinsic thermal properties of UHMWPE powder are not significantly affected by the introduction of activated carbon. However, thermal gravimetric analysis revealed that the onset of mass loss is considerably shifted (20 °C) to higher temperatures for the AC/UHMWPE composites, which is favourable for laser sintering. Additionally, the change in the composition ratio of untreated composite does not have a significant effect on the degree of crystallinity. Laser-sintered AC/UHMWPE parts were successfully manufactured using a commercial laser-sintering machine.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Feasibility of Processing Activated Carbon/UHMWPE Polymer Composite Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Khalil

Hopkinson²,

Kowalski

et al. 2022

Polymers

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“…However, membrane processes also possess serious hindrances such as fouling [17,18]. Activated carbon impregnated in membrane materials could improve mechanical strength, enhance rejection, and minimize fouling [19]. The aforementioned concept is commonly defined as composite or mixed matrix membranes [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the Potency of Activated Carbon Powder Derived from Cultivated Marine Microalgae as a Promising Filler in Mixed Matrix Membranes

2019

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Activated carbon-filled mixed matrix membranes were commonly used to enhance the separation performance of liquid or gas separation processes. Activated carbon is traditionally derived from agricultural crops such as coconut shells or wood biomass. Marine microalgae however have a great potential to produce powdered activated carbon. In this study, marine microalgae Chlorella vulgaris have been evaluated for their carbon content, and the 16.09% carbon content has potential to be employed as a raw material in manufacturing activated carbon powder. Dry microalgae were carbonized at a temperature of 500 °C for 30 min, at a constant increment rate of temperature of 10 °C per minute to produce microalgae charcoal. Chemically-based activation treatments using H3PO4 and ZnCl2 with concentrations of 10%, 30%, and 50%, respectively, assisted by microwave irradiation, have been used to prepare activated carbon. The properties of activated carbon powder were analyzed including yields, ash content, volatile substances, pure activated carbon content, absorption of iodine solution, surface area, and imaging of activated carbon using SEM-EDX. The best treatment characteristics were obtained using H3PO4 at a concentration of 50% with characteristics of 19.47% yield, 11.19% ash content, 31.92% volatile content, 56.89% pure activated carbon, 325.17 mg g−1 iodine absorption, and 109.273 m2 g−1 surface area based on the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, as well as a 5.5-nm average pore diameter. The SEM-EDX imaging results showed the formation of micropores on the surface of activated carbon, with carbon content reaching 72.31%; however, impurities could decrease the surface area and reduce the absorption performance of microalgae activated carbon.

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“…Cosmetics hormone pollution can be effectively dealt with using ultrafiltration composite membranes. Because of its large adsorption capacity, activated carbon (AC) can absorb a wide range of dissolved organic matter and can thus be utilized as one method of organic matter removal [27]. Among these, the ACF-PES ultrafiltration composite membrane stands out as being more capable of adsorbing and extracting hormones than pure AC membranes [28].…”

Section: Ultrafiltration Composite Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of hazardous substances in cosmetics, and treatment measures

Chen

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Humans have studied numerous environmental pollution issues and improved treatment in the past, but few people are aware that cosmetics are also potential environmental pollution factors. This article first discusses that most cosmetics contain hazardous substances, and then examines the effects of these hazardous substances on the natural environment, organisms, and humans. According to studies, cosmetics primarily contain heavy metals, organics, and other hazardous substances, which can pollute the environment’s water and soil, limit organism reproduction and growth, and cause a variety of physiological ailments in humans. The article then proposes two technologies for effectively treating hazardous substances in cosmetics: biosorbent and activated carbon fiber-polyethersulfone (ACF-PES) ultrafiltration composite membrane, both of which adsorb and effectively degrade hazardous substances via their respective physical and chemical properties. Moreover, this article examines the necessity and feasibility of measures for the government, corporations, and the general public to participate in the treatment of hazardous substances in cosmetics. Legislation to regulate and supervise cosmetics production should be strengthened by the government. Corporations should manufacture green cosmetics and promote the use of green cosmetics. To limit the impact of hazardous substances in cosmetics, the general public can employ strategies such as using less or purchasing cosmetics containing less dangerous substances. The article promotes a greater understanding of the dangers of harmful substances in cosmetics and offers some suggestions for reducing their effects.

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Production & Characterization of Activated Carbon Membranes

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Investigating the Feasibility of Processing Activated Carbon/UHMWPE Polymer Composite Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Investigating the Feasibility of Processing Activated Carbon/UHMWPE Polymer Composite Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Unravelling the Potency of Activated Carbon Powder Derived from Cultivated Marine Microalgae as a Promising Filler in Mixed Matrix Membranes

The impact of hazardous substances in cosmetics, and treatment measures

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