Production and characterisation of enzymatically produced lauric acid esters of fructose

Abstract

Lauric acid esters of fructose were produced using immobilised lipase (EC 3.1.1.3; Novozym 435). A molecular sieve was used to shift the reaction towards the synthesis. The mono-, di-and higher esters of lauric acid with fructose were obtained and analysed qualitatively and quantitatively by highpressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). At a 5:1 molar ratio of lauric acid to fructose the amounts of monoester, diester and higher esters produced were 37, 53 and 98 mg respectively after 96 h of reaction time. After purification of the products by column chromatography the hydrophile/lipophile balance (HLB) values of fructose monolaurate and fructose dilaurate were found to be 8.95 and 5.3 respectively and their critical micelle concentration (CMC) values were calculated as 7.20 Â 10 À5 and 6.40 Â 10 À5 M respectively. The CMC values of esters obtained from the conductivity curve and the surface tension curve were significantly (P < 0.05) similar to each other. It was found that when the concentration of surfactant was increased from 0.25 to 0.50% (w/v), stabilisation of the emulsion also increased. Fructose dilaurate showed better stability than the other esters. Separation of the phases reached 70% within 30 h for the emulsion prepared with 0.50% (w/v) of this ester.

Green Synthesis of Isopropyl Ricinoleate

“…Therefore it was concluded that the Lipozyme 435 can be effectively used for three batches. Similar results were obtained by Sekeroglu, G. et al in their research work on production and characterization of Isopropyl Laurate using Novozyme 435 Candida antarctica 6 .…”

“…4 . A similar plot of graph which showed a plateau formation after 3-4 hours was obtained by Sekeroglu, G. et al in their research work on production and characterization of Isopropyl Laurate using Novozyme 435 Candida antarctica 6 .…”

“…The formation of water poses a problem in the esterification reaction due to equilibria 5 . Activated molecular sieves or salt hydrates can be added to the system to remove water produced by esterification 6 . The kinetics of palmitic acid esterification catalyzed catalyst concentration 2.2-7.83 wt by immobilized lipase Candida antarctica Novozyme 435 showed 70 reaction in 120 min at 65-75 7 .…”

Enzyme catalyzed synthesis of cosmetic esters and its intensification: A review

“…Removal of water pushes the reaction toward forward direction. However, removal of water can be challenging but can be achieved with the help of molecular sieves, salt hydrates, silica gel beads, and vacuum distillation [123]. There are many papers available in the literature on biocatalytically synthesized esters, but most of them have reported the use of organic solvents for synthesis and post-synthesis purification process.…”

Synthesis of sugar fatty acid esters using a β-xylosidase from Aspergillus awamori for transxylosylation

“…Initially, A. awamori K4 b-xylosidase was used to transfer one xylosyl residue to a dihydric alcohol as a M. Kurakake (&) Á Y. Ito Á T. Komaki Department of Life and Nutritional Science, Fukuyama University, 1-985 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan e-mail: kurakake@fubac.fukuyama-u.ac.jp linker. This was followed by enzymatic synthesis using lipases (Sekeroglu et al 2002;Plou et al 2002). Linoleic acid was linked to another terminal hydroxyl side of the transfer product through an esterification reaction catalyzed by lipases.…”