Production and characterization of activated carbon from barley straw by physical activation with carbon dioxide and steam

Abstract

Highlights▪ Activated carbons derived from barley present a well-developed microporosity ▪ CO 2 activation develops a higher microporous structure than steam activation ▪ Temperature and heating rate are the most relevant factors during carbonization ▪ Temperature and hold time are the most relevant factors during activation ▪ Activation produce an increase in the aromaticity and dehydrogenation of the chars

Steam and Carbon Dioxide Co-Activated Silicon Carbide-Derived Carbons for High Power Density Electrical Double Layer Capacitors

“…9,10 Carbon dioxide and H 2 O steam are the most widespread activating agents due to the cost-efficiency and endothermic nature of their reactions which allows better process control. 1 Previously we have shown that gas phase activation with CO 2 of silicon carbide-derived carbon (SiC-CDC) resulted in doubling of the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area and noticeable increase in pore size. 12 Due to that the electrochemical parameters where significantly enhanced.…”

“…1 Organic and waste materials are quite often being used to prepare cost-effective carbon materials, but carbide-derived carbons (CDC) have an unique nanoporous structure with a narrow pore size distribution, a possibility to fine-tune the pore size and volume and also they have high electric conductivity. 1,[6][7][8][9] These properties make the CDC materials especially promising for energy storage/power generation applications. 2,4,8 To improve the carbon materials specific surface area and average pore size they are often activated by gas phase or liquid phase activation.…”

“…In electrical-double layer capacitors (EDLC) different carbon materials are used for preparing the hierarchically micromesoporous electrodes. [1][2][3][4][5][6] The use of activated carbon electrodes in EDLC-s is taking advantages of its micro-mesoporous structure to reduce the electrode's electrical resistance and improve energy storage performance. 1 Organic and waste materials are quite often being used to prepare cost-effective carbon materials, but carbide-derived carbons (CDC) have an unique nanoporous structure with a narrow pore size distribution, a possibility to fine-tune the pore size and volume and also they have high electric conductivity.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] The use of activated carbon electrodes in EDLC-s is taking advantages of its micro-mesoporous structure to reduce the electrode's electrical resistance and improve energy storage performance. 1 Organic and waste materials are quite often being used to prepare cost-effective carbon materials, but carbide-derived carbons (CDC) have an unique nanoporous structure with a narrow pore size distribution, a possibility to fine-tune the pore size and volume and also they have high electric conductivity. 1,[6][7][8][9] These properties make the CDC materials especially promising for energy storage/power generation applications.…”

Phosphate ion adsorption properties of PAN-based activated carbon fibers prepared with K2CO3 activation

“…In this study, K 2 CO 3 was used as a chemical activator for developing the specific surface area and pore structures of PYR. Generally, the activators for chemical activation such as KOH [34], ZnCl 2 [35], and H 3 PO 4 [36] have been studied widely to prepare high performance activated carbons from various raw materials. On the other hand, there are a few studies on K 2 CO 3 activation method because K 2 CO 3 shows less activation ability compared to KOH [37].…”