Production and characterization of bamboo and flax fiber reinforced polylactic acid filaments for fused deposition modeling (FDM)

Depuydt, Delphine; Balthazar, Michiel; Hendrickx, Kevin; Six, Wim; Ferraris, Eleonora; Desplentere, Frederik; Ivens, Jan; Vuure, Aart Willem Van

doi:10.1002/pc.24971

Cited by 105 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Although there are quite a few studies on PLA-based biocomposites in FDM, the challenges brought by the material coupled to the ones coming from the processing method have forced a “trial and error” procedure. Interestingly, the available literature that does not make use of commercial filaments is significant [3,9,17,21,23,38,39,45,46,48,49,65,66,67,68], but has appeared only recently and the effects of processing parameters, additives formulation, patterning and geometrical features are not yet deeply explored. As can be seen from Table 3, plasticizers [21,45,48], toughening agents [39,65] and compatibilizers [39] have been studied.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notice also that the negative effect of biofiller is independent of filler geometry. In fact, Depuydt [48] et al analyzed PLA filled with flax and bamboo fibers as a function of the length over diameter ratio (L/D) of the reinforcement. Despite their results showed that the L/D ratio had an important influence on stiffness (longer fibers increase it by 215%), it did not have the same influence on strength, and anyway the properties of neat PLA were much higher.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In FDM the use of thermoplastic biocomposite filaments is interesting for decreasing material cost [38,39] and environmental impact [3,38,40,41,42,43], reducing distortion after processing [44] while possibly preserving the mechanical properties of the material [45]. On the other hand, processing becomes difficult due to challenges shared with biocomposites processed with traditional methods, i.e., feedstock drying [12,46,47], inhomogeneity in filler dispersion, creation of voids during processing [19,48] and temperature control [49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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FDM 3D Printing of Polymers Containing Natural Fillers: A Review of their Mechanical Properties

2019

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As biodegradable thermoplastics are more and more penetrating the market of filaments for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, fillers in the form of natural fibers are convenient: They have the clear advantage of reducing cost, yet retaining the filament biodegradability characteristics. In plastics that are processed through standard techniques (e.g., extrusion or injection molding), natural fibers have a mild reinforcing function, improving stiffness and strength, it is thus interesting to evaluate whether the same holds true also in the case of FDM produced components. The results analyzed in this review show that the mechanical properties of the most common materials, i.e., acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and PLA, do not benefit from biofillers, while other less widely used polymers, such as the polyolefins, are found to become more performant. Much research has been devoted to studying the effect of additive formulation and processing parameters on the mechanical properties of biofilled 3D printed specimens. The results look promising due to the relevant number of articles published in this field in the last few years. This notwithstanding, not all aspects have been explored and more could potentially be obtained through modifications of the usual FDM techniques and the devices that have been used so far.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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FDM 3D Printing of Polymers Containing Natural Fillers: A Review of their Mechanical Properties

2019

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“…The abilities to fabricate complex geometries and lower cost of manufacturing have made research studies motivated into various characterizations and improvements of parts fabricated by FFF. [5][6][7] Despite the mentioned advantages, mechanical properties of parts manufactured by FFF process are inherently poor, [8] which is why it is required to consider the mechanical properties of 3D-printed materials compared with the conventional methods. [9] In order to have a better understanding of the features of temperature profile between adjacent filaments, various mathematical approaches have been proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of process parameters on thermal and mechanical properties of polylactic acid fabricated by fused filament fabrication

Vanaei

Shirinbayan

Deligant

et al. 2020

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Fused filament fabrication is considered one of the most used processes in additive manufacturing rapid prototypes out of polymeric material. Poor strength of the deposited layers is still one of the main critical problems in this process, which affects the mechanical properties of the final parts. To improve the mechanical strength, investigation into various process parameters must be considered. In this article, the influence of different process parameters has been experimentally investigated by means of physicochemical and mechanical characterizations. Special attention was given to the thermal aspect. In that respect, the in situ measurement of temperature profile during deposition indicated that several parameters affect the cooling rate of material and consequently have an influence on the final parts. It was found that the influence of increasing the extruder temperature is more significant in comparison with other process parameters.

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“… ( a ) The maximum tensile strength with fiber wt.% [ 30 , 34 , 35 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 47 , 51 , 62 ]. ( b ) the maximum tensile strength with fiber wt.% [ 36 , 37 , 52 , 54 , 55 , 63 , 64 , 66 , 68 , 70 , 71 , 72 ]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing FDM 3D Printing Strategies Using Natural Fibers to Produce Biomass Composite

et al. 2020

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Current environmental concerns have led to a search of more environmentally friendly manufacturing methods; thus, natural fibers have gained attention in the 3D printing industry to be used as bio-filters along with thermoplastics. The utilization of natural fibers is very convenient as they are easily available, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and biodegradable. Using natural fibers rather than synthetic fibers in the production of the 3D printing filaments will reduce gas emissions associated with the production of the synthetic fibers that would add to the current pollution problem. As a matter of fact, natural fibers have a reinforcing effect on plastics. This review analyzes how the properties of the different polymers vary when natural fibers processed to produce filaments for 3D Printing are added. The results of using natural fibers for 3D Printing are presented in this study and appeared to be satisfactory, while a few studies have reported some issues.

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Production and characterization of bamboo and flax fiber reinforced polylactic acid filaments for fused deposition modeling (FDM)

Cited by 105 publications

References 28 publications

FDM 3D Printing of Polymers Containing Natural Fillers: A Review of their Mechanical Properties

FDM 3D Printing of Polymers Containing Natural Fillers: A Review of their Mechanical Properties

Influence of process parameters on thermal and mechanical properties of polylactic acid fabricated by fused filament fabrication

Implementing FDM 3D Printing Strategies Using Natural Fibers to Produce Biomass Composite

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