2008
DOI: 10.1128/aem.01612-07
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Production and Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac-Resistant Cotton Bollworm Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)

Abstract: Laboratory-selected Bacillus thuringiensis-resistant colonies are important tools for elucidating B. thuringiensis resistance mechanisms. However, cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa zea, a target pest of transgenic corn and cotton expressing B. thuringiensis Cry1Ac (Bt corn and cotton), has proven difficult to select for stable resistance. Two populations of H. zea (AR and MR), resistant to the B. thuringiensis protein found in all commercial Bt cotton varieties (Cry1Ac), were established by selection with Cry1Ac ac… Show more

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Cited by 80 publications
(78 citation statements)
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“…Vip3Aa was found to be equally toxic to one susceptible and three Cry-resistant H. virescens strains (YHD2, resistant to Cry1Ac and Cry1F and slightly cross-resistant to Cry2A, and CXC and KCBhyb, both resistant to Cry1Ac, Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1F, and Cry2Aa2) (107). Two studies on Cry1Ac-resistant strains of H. zea showed no significant cross-resistance to Vip3A or Cry2Ab (108,109). A study on two H. armigera populations from Cry1Ac-cotton planting regions in China showed a lack of significant correlation between the responses to Vip3Aa and those to Cry1Ac, suggesting little or no cross-resistance between these two toxins (110).…”
Section: Resistance and Cross-resistancementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Vip3Aa was found to be equally toxic to one susceptible and three Cry-resistant H. virescens strains (YHD2, resistant to Cry1Ac and Cry1F and slightly cross-resistant to Cry2A, and CXC and KCBhyb, both resistant to Cry1Ac, Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1F, and Cry2Aa2) (107). Two studies on Cry1Ac-resistant strains of H. zea showed no significant cross-resistance to Vip3A or Cry2Ab (108,109). A study on two H. armigera populations from Cry1Ac-cotton planting regions in China showed a lack of significant correlation between the responses to Vip3Aa and those to Cry1Ac, suggesting little or no cross-resistance between these two toxins (110).…”
Section: Resistance and Cross-resistancementioning
confidence: 99%
“…While alterations in toxin processing have been reported in some Cry-resistant insects, in most cases of laboratory selection, resistance relates to reduced toxin binding to midgut receptors (11). Although there have been numerous attempts to select and characterize resistance to Cry1Ac in H. zea, the only stable Cry1Ac-resistant H. zea population that has been at least partially characterized was reported by Anilkumar et al (1,2). This population (AR) displayed greater than 100-fold resistance to Cry1Ac toxin, but no changes were detected regarding Cry1Ac and Cry1Aa binding to midgut receptors (1), a major mechanism of Cry protein resistance (11).…”
mentioning
confidence: 96%
“…Neonate LC and AR1 were bioassayed using diet incorporation as described in reference 1. At least 50 g/g diet of wild-type and modified Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac toxin and protoxin were used for bioassays based on availability and previous results with wild-type toxin and protoxin against susceptible H. zea (1). Each bioassay was replicated twice (Cry1Ab proteins) or three times (Cry1Ac proteins).…”
Section: Insects and Selectionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Despite our confidence in the material used previously, we accounted for this issue in our new studies by using Bt toxins from another source. These toxins were produced by Dr. Marianne Pusztai-Carey, Case Western University, Cleveland, Ohio, one of the most experienced, widely respected and routined producer of Bt toxins used by a large community of scientists researching on particular issues of resistance evolution to these Bt toxins in target pests (e.g., [11][12][13]). For details on the production method of these toxins, see the study of Pusztai-Carey et al [14], which is also cited and explained in the study of Crespo et al [11].…”
Section: Cry1abmentioning
confidence: 99%