Production and characterization of novel thermo- and organic solvent–stable keratinase and aminopeptidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4–3 for effective poultry feather degradation

Response surface methodology based optimization of keratinase from Bacillus velezensis strain ZBE1 and nanoparticle synthesis, biological and molecular characterization

“…Researchers have reported different keratinolytic bacterial cultures isolated from diverse sources, such as Bacillus sp. NDS-10 from soil ( Akram et al, 2021 ), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4–3 from slaughterhouses ( Pei et al, 2023 ), Bacillus cereus from poultry dump soil ( Yadav et al, 2022 ), Bacillus thuringiensis strain MT1 from cattle-yard ( Hassan et al, 2020 ), Bacillus pumilus AR57 from the slaughterhouse soil ( Jagadeesan et al, 2020 ) etc. Bacillus sps are highlighted for their display of considerable power in the bioremediation aspects of protein enriched keratinous waste which is usually considered as recalcitrant.…”

Molecular strategies to enhance the keratinase gene expression and its potential implications in poultry feed industry

“…The single enzyme with the greatest ability to degrade feathers is keratinase. Nevertheless, there is so much research work being carried out, keratinase has some limitations to use at such a large scale ( Pei et al, 2023 ; Wang et al, 2023 b). It's so much more difficult to choose an appropriate keratinase that has maximum activity and fewer limitations to overcome the industrial & environmental needs, so there is a need to exploit immediately a type of keratinase that has low pH, heat resistance, maximum activity and lower cost.…”

Perspective on Agricultural Industrialization: Modification Strategies for Enhancing the Catalytic Capacity of Keratinase

“…Strains of Gramnegative bacteria have also been reported to produce keratinases, such as Serratia marcescens P3, which produces keratinases that can be used for dermal hair removal, 25 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4−3, which also produces keratinases, but its application is limited because of its pathogenicity. 26 The marine environment is also home to numerous strains that produce keratinase. Hamiche et al isolated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S13 from a marine brown alga that produces two keratinases, KERZT-A and KERZT-B, with keratin-degrading and rawhide-defatting activities.…”

“…30,31 Most of these enzymes exist as monomers, and larger molecular weights are generally found as polymers. 26,32 Most keratinases prefer an alkaline reaction environment, with an optimal pH of approximately 7−10, and the optimal temperature for the reaction ranges from 30 to 60 °C. Furthermore, keratinases from specialized sources have specific properties tailored to the environment in which they exist.…”