Production and economic assessment of giant kelp<i>Macrocystis pyrifera</i>cultivation for abalone feed in the south of Chile

Correa, Tomás; Gutierrez, A.; Flores, Roberto; Cornejo, Patricio; Bucarey, Cristian

doi:10.1111/are.12529

Cited by 37 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, for developing the cultivation of M. pyrifera , we need to develop a reliable technology and cultivation strategy in order to achieve profitability (Correa et al . ; Zuñiga‐Jara et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The high costs involved in these early stages can be absorbed if the seaweed is sold as food or other high‐value products; otherwise, the production is too expensive or unless the productivity and the scale can make cultivation profitable (Correa et al . ). Because of all the above‐mentioned reasons, any future success of macroalgae farming will be dependent on achieving an optimized, energy‐efficient hatchery and open water farming stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principal markets are as fresh biomass for abalone feed (Correa et al . ), as dry biomass for alginate extraction (Indergaard & Østgaard ), as potential food (Gutierrez et al . ) and as biomass to produce plant growth enhancers (Buschmann et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Correa et al . ), due to their life history similarities. However, certain differences still need to be considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of 3 year precommercial seafarming of Macrocystis pyrifera along the Chilean coast

Camus

Infante

Buschmann

2016

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Chile is one of the main producers of seaweeds in the world; however, most of the production comes from harvesting natural beds and only 2.4% from cultures, dominated by the agarophyte Gracilaria chilensis. One of the most exploited resources is the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera, which is sold fresh for abalone feed and dry for alginate extraction. Recently, new possible markets are developing for this species, for example human consumption and biofuel/chemical production that could increase the demand and justify the development of a commercial cultivation system. The objective of this work was to present the recent development of the seafarming of M. pyrifera in Chile, focusing on the fundamental determinants of productivity in cultivated systems and the identification of the binding constraints to productivity. Three experimental plots (up to 21 Ha) were designed and deployed in three study areas (Caldera in northern Chile and Quenac and Ancud in southern Chile) to test different environmental conditions. During a period of 3 years, sporophytes produced in an indoor hatchery were deployed monthly, at different densities, and followed until harvest. Environmental parameters and biomass were monitored on a monthly basis. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of Macrocystis seafarming on a large scale in Chile. Important differences in yield were observed between the study areas associated with either environmental physical or biological factors, such as the presence of herbivores. Our best production cycle reached 124 WMT Ha−1 month −1 in southern Chile, and the worst, less than 20 WMT Ha−1 month−1 in northern Chile. Finally, some direct and indirect constrains were encountered, including seeding season and depth, and the presence of pests and diseases, that are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Correa et al . ), due to their life history similarities. However, certain differences still need to be considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Overview of 3 year precommercial seafarming of Macrocystis pyrifera along the Chilean coast

Camus

Infante

Buschmann

2016

Reviews in Aquaculture

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“…While harvest of seaweed has been practiced among indigenous communities for millennia (Turner 2001, Erlandson et al 2007, new and diverse markets for seaweed products have recently increased the demand for commercial harvest (McHugh 2003, Buschmann et al 2014, Correa et al 2016. Seaweeds are now used in the production of agriculture and aquaculture products (fertilizers, feed; Chopin et al 2001, Correa et al 2016, food and pharmaceuticals (Vea and Ask 2011), and biofuels (Adams et al 2011, Hafting et al 2012. Seaweeds have, in fact, been named a new "super food.…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessing the ecosystem‐level consequences of a small‐scale artisanal kelp fishery within the context of climate‐change

Krumhansl

Bergman

Salomon

2017

Ecological Applications

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Coastal communities worldwide rely on small-scale artisanal fisheries as a means of increasing food security and alleviating poverty. Even small-scale fishing activities, however, are prone to resource depletion and environmental degradation, which can erode livelihoods in the long run. Thus, there is a pressing need to identify viable and resilient artisanal fisheries, and generate knowledge to support management within the context of a rapidly changing climate. We examined the ecosystem-level consequences of an artisanal kelp fishery (Macrocystis pyrifera), finding small-scale harvest of this highly productive species poses minimal impacts on kelp recovery rates, survival, and biomass dynamics, and abundances of associated commercial and culturally important fish species. These results suggest that small-scale harvest poses minimal trade-offs for the other economic benefits provided by these ecosystems, and their inherent, spiritual, and cultural value to humans. However, we detected a negative impact of warmer seawater temperatures on kelp recovery rates following harvest, indicating that the viability of harvest, even at small scales, may be threatened by future increases in global ocean temperature. This suggests that negative impacts of artisanal fisheries may be more likely to arise in the context of a warming climate, further highlighting the widespread effects of global climate change on coastal fisheries and livelihoods.

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Scaling up bioethanol production from the farmed brown macroalga Macrocystis pyrifera in Chile

Camus

Ballerino

Delgado³

et al. 2016

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Interest in third‐generation biomass such as macroalgae has increased due to their high biomass yield, absence of lignin in their tissues, lower competition for land and fresh water, no fertilization requirements, and efficient CO2 capture in coastal ecosystems. However, several challenges still exist in the development of cost‐effective technologies for processing large amounts of macroalgae. Recently, genetically modified micro‐organisms able to convert brown macroalgae carbohydrates into bioethanol were developed, but still no attempt to scale up production has been proposed. Based on a giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) farming and bioethanol production program carried out in Chile, we were able to test and adapt this technology as a first attempt to scale up this process using a 75 L fermentation of genetically modified Escherichia coli. Laboratory fermentation tests results showed that although biomass growth and yield are not greatly affected by the alginate:mannitol ratio, ethanol yield showed a clear maximum around a 5:8 alginate:mannitol ratio. In M. pyrifera, a much greater proportion of alginate and lower mannitol abundance is found. In order to make the most of the carbohydrates available for fermentation, we developed a four‐stage process model for scaling up, including acid leaching, depolymerization, saccharification, and fermentation steps. Using this process, we obtained 0.213 Kg ethanol Kg−1 dry macroalgae, equivalent to 9.6 m3 of ethanol hectare−1 year−1, reaching 64% of the maximum theoretical ethanol yield. We propose strategies to increase this yield, including synthetic biology pathway engineering approaches and process optimization targets. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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Production and economic assessment of giant kelpMacrocystis pyriferacultivation for abalone feed in the south of Chile

Cited by 37 publications

References 33 publications

Overview of 3 year precommercial seafarming of Macrocystis pyrifera along the Chilean coast

Overview of 3 year precommercial seafarming of Macrocystis pyrifera along the Chilean coast

Assessing the ecosystem‐level consequences of a small‐scale artisanal kelp fishery within the context of climate‐change

Scaling up bioethanol production from the farmed brown macroalga Macrocystis pyrifera in Chile

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