Production and indentation analysis of WC/Fe–Mn as an alternative to cobalt-bonded hardmetals

Hanyaloglu, C.; Aksakal, Bünyamin; Bolton, J. D.

doi:10.1016/s1044-5803(02)00181-x

Cited by 82 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The second alternative is to modify the binder component, such as Co, Ni, Fe, etc., to improve the corrosion resistance and/or mechanical strength. [5][6][7][8] However, to date no work has been done on the solid solution of metals in WC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Structure and Carbon Vacancy Hardening of (W_0.5Al_0.5)C_1−x Prepared by a Solid‐State Reaction

Yan

Zhao

et al. 2005

ChemPhysChem

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Novel solid solutions of aluminum in tungsten carbide (WC) with or without carbon vacancies, which can be expressed by the chemical formula (W(0.5)Al(0.5))C(1-x) (x=0.0-0.5), have been synthesized by the solid-state reaction of W(0.5)Al(0.5) alloy and the proper amount of carbon at around 1673 K in vacuum. The reaction time decreases from 73 to 50 h on increasing the carbon vacancy concentration from 0 to 50 %. The formation of the intended products is certified, by X-ray diffraction, environmental scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, even though the carbon vacancy concentration reaches the astonishing value of 50 %. The as-prepared (W(0.5)Al(0.5))C(1-x) samples have been identified as the hexagonal WC-type structure belonging to the space group P6m2 (Z=1). Moreover, the crystallographic results reveal that the substituting aluminum atoms in the WC are located in the 1a site (the W atom position of the WC structure) and the cell parameters decrease slightly with increasing vacancy concentration. The hardness of the (W(0.5)Al(0.5))C(1-x) system increases up to a maximum 2659 kg mm(-2) at a carbon vacancy concentration of about 35 %, and the density of (W(0.5)Al(0.5))C(1-x) is far lower than that of WC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Structure and Carbon Vacancy Hardening of (W_0.5Al_0.5)C_1−x Prepared by a Solid‐State Reaction

Yan

Zhao

et al. 2005

ChemPhysChem

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“…Although widely used, the availability of Co in the world is relatively low, like this is of interest it the replacement due to expensive, the low corrosion resistance and toxicity, causing concerns about environmental problems [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Ti in hard metal alloys – Part II: mechanical properties

Lamim

Oliveira

Batista

et al. 2010

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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WC-Co hard metal is a material of high hardness, high compressive strength and wear resistance while maintaining good toughness and thermal stability. Samples of nanosized WC powders with 10 wt% Co, WC-10 wt% Ti, WC-9 wt% Ti-1 wt% Co were cold pressed at 200 MPa and sintered at 1500 8C during 1 hour under vacuum of 10 -2 mbar. The characterization of the sintered materials was performed by the measurements of densification, HV30 hardness, fracture toughness and compression strength. The results showed that it is possible to process a hard metal through a Powder Metallurgical conventional route from nanoscaled WC grains, using Ti (or a Ti-Co mixture) as a binder phase, with good mechanical properties.

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“…Small amounts of titanium carbide (TiC), tantalum carbide (TaC), and/or niobium carbide (NbC) are often added to increase hardness and reduce chemical diffusion wear when machining steels [1,3]. Co is a preferred binding material because it forms a solid solution with WC, W, and C and forms a favorable microstructure at room temperature giving it good mechanical properties [4,5,6]. However, as new pressures for increased cutting speeds result in harsher conditions in machining, WC-Co tools are being increasingly replaced with alternatives that can last longer and hold up under the higher temperatures brought on by high speeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is corrosive and oxidizes under certain conditions. It can also be toxic and, as a politically strategic metal, can be subject to significant fluctuations in price and availability [6,33]. Therefore, other binder metals besides Co have been investigated and have found various uses with carbides and nitrides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fe-Ni was investigated as a binder for WC [33,44] as has iron-manganese (Fe-Mn) [6]. The Fe-Mn bonded WC showed slightly higher hardness and slightly lower toughness than WC-Co. Gonzalez [45] was able to produce Fe-Ni bonded WC samples with similar hardness as comparable WC-Co materials but was also able to achieve relatively increased toughness by way of heat treatment of the WC-Fe-Ni samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alternative Binder Carbide Tools for Machining Superalloys

Waldorf

Liu²,

Stender

et al. 2008

ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference, Volume 1

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This study examines the performance of a new class of wearresistant but economical cutting tools produced by varying the binder composition of standard cemented carbide composites. By replacing some or all of the cobalt binder with rhenium and nickel-based superalloy, a stronger composite tool results, potentially capable of machining heat-resistant superalloys at significantly higher cutting speeds.Sample tools with alternative binder were produced and compared to standard tools bound with cobalt only. Turning experiments on Inconel 718 were run to evaluate wear resistance and tool life for several grades. The experimentation also examined the effects of varying the relative proportions of each binder constituent as well as the overall binder percentage in the composite. Results show a clear advantage of the alternative binder tools as evidenced by a 150% increase in tool life or the equivalent of an 18% increase in cutting speed. Although increasing amounts of rhenium in the binder show a positive effect on performance, the effects of superalloy and overall binder % are inconclusive.

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Production and indentation analysis of WC/Fe–Mn as an alternative to cobalt-bonded hardmetals

Cited by 82 publications

References 15 publications

Crystal Structure and Carbon Vacancy Hardening of (W_0.5Al_0.5)C_1−x Prepared by a Solid‐State Reaction

Crystal Structure and Carbon Vacancy Hardening of (W_0.5Al_0.5)C_1−x Prepared by a Solid‐State Reaction

Use of Ti in hard metal alloys – Part II: mechanical properties

Alternative Binder Carbide Tools for Machining Superalloys

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Production and indentation analysis of WC/Fe–Mn as an alternative to cobalt-bonded hardmetals

Cited by 82 publications

References 15 publications

Crystal Structure and Carbon Vacancy Hardening of (W0.5Al0.5)C1−x Prepared by a Solid‐State Reaction

Crystal Structure and Carbon Vacancy Hardening of (W0.5Al0.5)C1−x Prepared by a Solid‐State Reaction

Use of Ti in hard metal alloys – Part II: mechanical properties

Alternative Binder Carbide Tools for Machining Superalloys

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Crystal Structure and Carbon Vacancy Hardening of (W_0.5Al_0.5)C_1−x Prepared by a Solid‐State Reaction

Crystal Structure and Carbon Vacancy Hardening of (W_0.5Al_0.5)C_1−x Prepared by a Solid‐State Reaction