Production and measurement of high temperatures

Abstract

1.1 .l. Temperature and temperature equilibrium. 1.1.2. Time required to establish temperature equilibrium 1.1.3. Effect of a temperature gradient in a light source. . 1.1.4. Effect of the optical depth of the emitting gas. . . . .

Cold Spark Discharge Plasma Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in an Animal Model of Ulcerative Colitis

“…Although the average gas temperature is low, plasma temperature itself in order to cause production of signifi cant amount of NO is expected to be relatively high. We have estimated plasma temperature using Boltzmann plot method 23,24 which may be applied for estimation of gas temperature of sparks 25 . This method uses the relative ratio of emission intensities on multiple spectra lines.…”

Plasma Production by Kinetic Impact

“…It has be*n suggested by Koslov (1959) and others, (Allen, et al, 1959) that collision between solid materials movirg at sufficiently high relative velocities could result in the production of plasmas with appreciably high ion concentrations. Development of this technique for the, production of high density plasmas and the study of Its nature is of considerable interest and value since this method represents a different procedure in the present day technology of plasma production, (Bishop, 1958;Fischer and Kansur, 1958;Lochte-Holtgreven, 1958).…”

“…At present oscillator strength values are determined either from electric arc experiments (Lochte-Holtgreven, 1958) or by numerical computations of questionable reilability (Allen, 1963). Spectroscopic bbservation of a hypervelocity projectile impact can offer both an independent experimental verification of existing results and also a continuing program of now f-number determinations for selected materials.…”

Properties of Copper Plasma. Calculation of the Partition Function, Species Concentration, and Spectral-Line Intensities

“…Therefore, the radiant intensity per cm 3 of gas emitted into I sterad from a spectral line is (41 is the internal partition function for atoms in the q-th state of ionization. Therefore, -E m/kT ncm 3 (4) m Zq…”

“…Considering single ionization of neutral atoms (q -0), Equation 6 becomes n +ne 2Z+ (2mekT) 3 Equations 5, 6, and 8 are the fundamental equations necessary for the calculation of species concentration and spectral-line intensities. They can be manipulated in several ways for convenience in a particular application.…”