“…By integrating multiple metrics that can individually reflect aspects of fitness (e.g., density, biomass, growth, fecundity, survivorship, body size, life span), secondary production can be thought of as a general criterion of success for a population (3,4). Recent studies have extended this idea, using secondary fish production to provide a measure of the productive capacity and economic value of specific habitats within an ecosystem (5,6) and, in a few instances, to evaluate the efficacy of creating artificial reefs and other forms of habitat restoration (7)(8)(9). In ecological studies, static properties such as density or biomass are typical structural response variables, whereas the use of secondary production, a functional measure, has been mostly limited to freshwater and marine benthic invertebrate studies (4).…”