Production and productivity of agriculture in Macedonia during the XX century

Abstract

In the period of (around) 1855, Europe knows that several years ago the American Joseph Henry invented the first electromotor, but doesn't know that in some regions of Macedonia, instead of oxen, men were harnessed to plough the land" (Janevski, 1970).Period of XX century in Macedonia was extremely turbulent, besides the fact that it was century of 4 wars 3 on this territory. This historical change has strong impact to the all-economic and social aspects of ordinary life, including agriculture. So the main aim of this paper is to enlightening little bit more situation and condition of agriculture in North Macedonia during the XX century. Methodology was mainly desk research of historical and statistical data relevant for this field and changes, which are following agricultural production and productivity in this period (XX century).In Macedonia, during the XIX century, institutional settings established in the Ottoman Empire have been put into force. The owner of the land was the Turkish aristocrat "spahija". The people who worked on the spahija's assets were "raja".Private agriculture in Macedonia has been established around 1912 when Macedonia was finally freed from the Ottoman occupation.There are four phases in the historical development of agriculture and agricultural relations in Macedonia throughout history, actual within the XX century: the period of the Ottoman Empire; the period between the two World Wars; the period of Socialism (1945Socialism ( -1990; and the period since independence until now. 4 The transition to the modern, as opposed to historic, period in Macedonia started in 1990 and continues to today.Each of these periods has their sociological, economic and cultural characteristics. Of course, each period has different means of production and productivity that depend not only on the technological and technical development, but also, perhaps much more, on the social characteristics.