Production and propagation of cylindrically polarized Laguerre–Gaussian laser beams

Direct Electron Acceleration with Radially Polarized Laser Beams

“…In laser resonators, rotational polarization symmetry is usually broken by the introduction of an optical component that is not perpendicular to the beam path, like an output mirror placed at the Brewster angle [83]. Nevertheless, if the surfaces of the optical elements inside the resonator are perpendicular to the cavity axis, the radially and azimuthally polarized transverse modes survive.…”

Watt-level, efficient and radially polarized Nd:YAG laser

“…Many schemes have been developed to force the radial-polarization excitation in laser resonator by employing various intracavity polarization selectors, such as birefringent crystal and/or conical Brewster window [1]. These methods, however, are applicable only in a limited range of laser output power [1], and encounter big challenges in improving the laser efficiency, beam's cylindrical symmetry and polarization purity simultaneously.…”

“…Many schemes have been developed to force the radial-polarization excitation in laser resonator by employing various intracavity polarization selectors, such as birefringent crystal and/or conical Brewster window [1]. These methods, however, are applicable only in a limited range of laser output power [1], and encounter big challenges in improving the laser efficiency, beam's cylindrical symmetry and polarization purity simultaneously. In recent years the photonic crystal grating (PCG), one kind of threedimensional sub-wavelength gratings, appeared as an effective polarization-dependent element which can provide the specified reflectivity/transmission to the radial polarization and thus can play as the output coupler of laser resonator for desired polarization.…”

Integral transformation solution of free-space cylindrical vector beams and prediction of modified Bessel-Gaussian vector beams

“…Due to this unique polarization characteristic, the cylindrical vector beam has attracted much attention in both optical physics [1,2,3,4] and applied optics [5,6,7]. The mathematical expression for a paraxial cylindrical vector beam is usually obtained by solving the paraxial wave equation [8,9,10,11,12,13]. And the known kinds of cylindrical vector beam include the Bessel-Gaussian [10] and Laguerre-Gaussian beams [12].…”

“…The mathematical expression for a paraxial cylindrical vector beam is usually obtained by solving the paraxial wave equation [8,9,10,11,12,13]. And the known kinds of cylindrical vector beam include the Bessel-Gaussian [10] and Laguerre-Gaussian beams [12]. In this paper, we present a unified description of the cylindrical vector beam, from which we obtain for the first time two new kinds of vector Consider a light beam that propagates in the positive x direction in source-free space.…”