Production and Properties of Electron-Beam-Welded Joints on Ti-TiB Titanium Alloys

Лобода, П. І.; Zvorykin, C. O.; Zvorykin, Volodymyr; Vrzhyzhevskyi, E. L.; Taranova, T.G.; Костін, В.А.

doi:10.3390/met10040522

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…(a) (b) The intermetallic interlayer becomes more ramified (loose) as a result of formation of a certain number of pores and microcracks within it, which may be related to oxidation processes on the joint boundary. During further operation, this welded joint region may lead to destruction through IMPhs in the ductile-brittle mode [30]. At heat treatment temperatures below 1300 • C, a continuous intermetallic interlayer forms, where fracture occurs predominantly in the brittle mode (spallation).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of Intermetallic Formation in the Solid Phase on a Steel–Titanium Bimetal Interface under the Conditions of Arc Welding

Korzhyk

Zhang

Khaskin

et al. 2023

Metals

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The object of this study is the formation of intermetallic phases (IMPhs) in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of joints of steel–titanium bimetal plates produced by arc welding. A titanium layer (2 mm) was welded by the plasma method (PAW), a barrier layer of Cusi3Mn1 bronze was deposited on it by the TIG method, the first steel layer was deposited by CMT, and Puls-MAG was used for filling the groove. Here, heating in the solid phase takes place in the HAZ, which may lead to undesirable formation of brittle IMPhs and further welded joint failure. Mathematical modeling was performed and metallurgical features formed during the processes of heating of the HAZ in bimetal steel–titanium plates were studied to identify the risk of IMPh formation. It was found that at a temperature increase from 900 to 1450 °C, a continuous intermetallic layer formed on the steel–titanium interface, which contained FeTi IMPh, and the width of which increased from 1 to 10 μm. In the temperature range 1300…1430 °C, an intermetallic TiFe2-type phase additionally formed from the titanium side. In the temperature range 1430…1450 °C, the TiFe2 phase was replaced by the TiXFe phase, which formed both from the steel side and from the titanium side. This phase consists of intermetallics (73–75% Ti + 27–25% Fe) and (80–85% Ti + 20–15% Fe), and it is close to the Ti2Fe-type phase. The interlayer of intermetallics, formed at temperatures of 900…1300 °C, has a continuous morphology (HV0.01–650…690). At temperatures rising above 1300 °C, the IMPh interlayer became more ramified (HV0.01–590…610) because of the formation of a larger number of pores and microcracks within it. In the temperature range 900…1450 °C, solid-phase diffusion proceeded in the steel–titanium bimetal near the interface of the two metals. A zone of iron diffusion, 5–10 μm to 40–60 μm in width, formed in titanium. In steel, a zone of titanium diffusion 15–20 μm to 120–150 μm in width formed, starting from 1300 °C and higher. It is recommended to perform industrial welding of steel–titanium bimetal in modes, for which the heat input is equal to 200…400 J/mm. Here, during the period 10–12 s, the heating temperature of the HAZ 1.5–3.5 mm in width is equal to 900–1150 °C. It promotes formation of an intermetallic FeTi-type interlayer of up to 1–2 μm width.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of Intermetallic Formation in the Solid Phase on a Steel–Titanium Bimetal Interface under the Conditions of Arc Welding

Korzhyk

Zhang

Khaskin

et al. 2023

Metals

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“…The first of the well-known cycles of research on welding features of natural composite materials is a set of research on electron beam welding of the Ti-TiB alloy [11]. The main results of the study were the definition of technological modes of welding Ti-TiB alloy with Ti-TiB alloys and (α+β) titanium alloy T110.…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the pattern of direction and distribution of intermetallic phase in the eutectic of the weld material after electron-beam welding of titanium and niobium alloys

Loboda,

Zvorykina,

Vrzhyzhevskyi

et al. 2023

EEJET

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This paper reports a study whose object was material of the weld. The nature of changes in the microstructure of the weld material, which are caused by changes in the supplied energy, alloying elements and heat removal from the melt area, was investigated. Welding was performed with an electron beam at Uacc=60 kV, Ieb=90 mA, with an elliptical sweep of 3×4 mm. The speed of electron beam movement veb was varied from 7 to 15 mm·s-1. The temperature of the experimental welded samples T0 was varied from 300 K to 673 K. Ti-TiB alloy (a microcomposite alloy with reinforcing TiB fibers) was welded with Ti-TiB alloys, T110, and with niobium. One of the tasks of welding this alloy was to preserve and optimize the structure of this type in the weld. Grinding of boride fibers, loss of their initial orientation, and formation of a dendritic or cellular microstructure was observed in the weld. Using the methods of raster electron microscopy and micro-X-ray spectral analysis, the microstructure of the weld material was investigated and the dimensional characteristics of TiB fibers under different welding conditions were determined. The analysis of changes in the microstructure of the weld material, the average length ᶏ and the thickness ȩ of the boride fibers in the material of the joints made at different velocities of electron beam movement and initial temperatures T0 was carried out. It was established that the growth of the ratio ȩ/ᶏ from 0.04–0.07 to 0.1–0.27 is accompanied by significant changes in the microstructure and the mechanism of formation of eutectic phases. It is shown that the process that determines the formation of the microstructure of the weld material was the eutectic breakdown with the determining influence of the temperature gradient, crystallization rate, supercooling, concentration inhomogeneities, and alloying impurities.

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“…This issue can be resolved by using such technological welding schemes, which include the fusion of materials in a narrow contact area. One of these technological schemes is electron beam welding, which is widely used in the fabrication of structures made from refractory and chemically active materials [7]. The advantages of the process of electron beam welding include a small amount of heat input, which leads to the formation of narrow zones of melting and thermal influence and, as a result, minor deformities in the structure of the material.…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features in the formation of the structural state of low-carbon micro-alloyed steels after eletron beam welding

Laukhin

Poznyakov

Костін

et al. 2021

EEJET

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Welding thermomechanically-strengthened materials is accompanied with certain difficulties in terms of loss of strength characteristics in the zone of thermal influence. This issue can be resolved by using the technological welding schemes that include fusion of materials in a narrow contact area. One such technological scheme is electron beam welding, which is currently widely used to fabricate structures from refractory and chemically active materials. One of the main advantages of the electron beam welding process is a small quantity of heat input, which leads to the formation of narrow zones of melting and thermal influence and, as a result, minor deformities in the structure of the material. The welded joint can structurally be divided into several zones, which differ in the morphological characteristics of the structure. The most interesting, in terms of ensuring the quality of the joint, are the boundaries between the zones. It has been shown that the use of local heating sources, which is the case at electron beam welding, leads to the migration of the boundaries of grains. As a result, clear intersections, fusion lines, form at the boundaries between zones of the welded joint. The formation of the structural state of a welded joint is predetermined by the simultaneous course of several processes. First, a crystallization from the liquid state – the formation of a welded joint structure, as well as the boundary between a welded joint and the zone of thermal influence. Second, the phase-structural transformations in the solid state – a thermal impact zone, the boundary between a thermal impact zone and the main metal. Given this, one should note that the geometry and quality of joints at electron beam welding are more interrelated than in other welding techniques. Thus, one of the main parameters that ensure the quality of a welded joint is the structural state of the material that forms during welding

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Production and Properties of Electron-Beam-Welded Joints on Ti-TiB Titanium Alloys

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Features of Intermetallic Formation in the Solid Phase on a Steel–Titanium Bimetal Interface under the Conditions of Arc Welding

Features of Intermetallic Formation in the Solid Phase on a Steel–Titanium Bimetal Interface under the Conditions of Arc Welding

Determining the pattern of direction and distribution of intermetallic phase in the eutectic of the weld material after electron-beam welding of titanium and niobium alloys

Features in the formation of the structural state of low-carbon micro-alloyed steels after eletron beam welding

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