Production and tribological performance under sliding contact conditions of zirconia and reduced graphene oxide loaded polymer nanocomposites for biomedical applications

Abstract

This work targets the production of novel biomaterials and an optimized process to disperse Zirconia (ZrO2) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in the ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) matrix. The mechanical and wear performance of the developed samples were evaluated through compression and tribological tests utilizing a bio‐tribometer. The developed samples are tested under simulated body fluid (SBF) lubricating media. In particular, the hybrid material is made of 5 wt% zirconia and 1 wt% rGO have an enhanced compression modulus of 0.29 GPa. This indicates a 26.08% improvement over pristine UHMWPE. Besides this, the compressive strength of this hybrid material is about 46.75% higher than that of pristine UHMWPE. The gray theory provided optimum settings as 1 wt% rGO and 5 wt% ZrO2 fillers are loading with 60 N load and 900 sec cycle time. The long‐range organized lamellar structures and microfibers were formed between the crystals with the help of the graphene layers. The inclusion of rGO nanofillers (1 wt%) and zirconia improve the wear resistance, which signifies the best‐desired values for coefficient of friction (Cf) and Specific wear rate (Wr). Improved loading conditions for prosthetics and implant components are possible with modified UHMWPE.Highlights This work highlights the tribological performances of hybrid nanocomposites. The effect of rGO and ceramic (ZrO2) nanofillers on UHMWPE was examined. Zirconia/rGO enhanced bio‐inert, wear‐resistant and biocompatibility. Compared to pristine, 1 wt% rGO and 5 wt% ZrO2 sample shows better results. Orthopedic and dental prostheses may be made using hybrid nanocomposite.