Production, chemical composition, and fatty acid profile of milk from buffaloes fed with cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) cake and murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru) cake in the Eastern Amazon

Abstract

The objective was to evaluate the effect of concentrate supplementation using by-products of the Amazonian industry on milk production, milk composition, and milk fatty acid profile of dairy buffaloes. Twelve lactating buffaloes (544.5 AE 35.6 kg, 6.4 AE 2.2 years old, 59 AE 6 days in milk) were allotted in a pasture of Mombaça grass and managed under rotational grazing (4 days occupancy/28 days rest). A 3 Â 3 Latin square was adopted, and each animal alternately received three supplementary treatments based on corn bran + soybean meal or cupuaçu cake or murumuru cake for 21 days per treatment. Murumuru cake increased the levels of lauric acid and myristic acid in the milk (p < 0.05). Murumuru cake reduced the unsaturated fatty acid contents in the milk compared with animals fed control diet or cupuaçu cake (24.27% vs. 25.24% vs. 25.08%). The n-6/n-3 ratio was 2.6, 1.97, and 2.0 in the control, cupuaçu, and murumuru groups, respectively. Based on this parameter, cakes made from cupuaçu as well as murumuru could be considered to be adequate for inclusion in dairy water buffalo feed. However, the murumuru cake addition requires some caution because its use induces the secretion of higher levels of lauric and myristic fatty acids that are related to human cardiovascular disease.

Can Residential Greenspace Exposure Improve Pain Experience? A Comparison between Physical Visit and Image Viewing

“…Based on our crossover design, the minimum number of subjects required was estimated to be 18 for an α-level of 0.05 and a power of 0.8. According to previously published studies, sample sizes of 6 to 24 have been employed for the 3 × 3 Latin Square plan [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. To obtain robust results, twenty-four (12 male and 12 female) healthy and painless young adults were recruited from the community, who met the following inclusion criteria:…”

Nutrient intake, digestibility, performance, carcass traits and sensory analysis of meat from lambs fed with co-products of Amazon oilseeds

“…In the Amazon region, we can highlight the production of cupuassu ( Theobroma grandiflorum Schum ), palm kernel ( Elaeis guineenses ) and tucuma ( Astrocaryum aculeatum ), which generate a high volume of cake, but which present 7.4–16.2% of EE; 8.5–18.7% CP and 53.1–69% NDF and potential for inclusion in diets for ruminants ( 10 – 12 ). The inclusion of cupuassu did not influence the consumption, production and composition of buffalo milk ( 6 ); the addition of 12% palm kernel cake increased intake, performance, marbling and feed efficiency in kids ( 13 ) and did not change the qualitative carcass attributes in Nellore cattle ( 14 ); the inclusion of 45% tucuma cake provided results similar to control treatments in confined sheep ( 12 ).…”

Methane emission, intake, digestibility, performance and blood metabolites in sheep supplemented with cupuassu and tucuma cake in the eastern Amazon

“…With over 2 billion tons of agricultural residues accumulated worldwide, research on the management of this biomass is crucial for the preservation of the environment ( 1 ). Supplementation of ruminants with co-products has therefore been extensively studied and has shown promising results ( 2 – 4 ), including as a mitigator of daily methane (CH 4 ) emissions ( 6 – 8 ).…”

“…The compositions of CUP and TUC cakes are 12.59–19.7 and 9.5–12.3 of protein; 51.4–54.7 and 55.4–69.3 of neutral detergent fiber (NDF); and 12.5–20.1 and 9.3–15.4 of ether extract (EE), respectively ( 2 , 14 ). In addition, they have a differentiated fatty acid profile, with a predominance of saturated fats (56%) in CUP cakes and unsaturated fats (66%) in TUC cakes ( 15 , 16 ).…”