Production Comparison of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids in the Bakken and Three Forks Formations of North Dakota

Fry, Jessica; Paterniti, Melanie Lynn

doi:10.2118/169580-ms

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

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“…(Rodvelt et al 2015;Sun, et al 2013;Thomas, et al 2013;Cadix, et al 2015;Fry and Paterniti 2014) Testing had already been conducted by the Stim-Lab consortium ( Fig. 1) showing that a high concentration FR based fluid (viscosity equivalent of 30 lbs polymer per 1,000 gallons (ppt) linear guar gel, tested at 511 sec Ϫ1 ) had better regained conductivity when compared to linear guar gel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Concentration Polyacrylamide-Based Friction Reducer Used as a Direct Substitute for Guar-Based Borate Crosslinked Fluid in Fracturing Operations

Motiee

Johnson

Ward

et al. 2016

Day 1 Tue, February 09, 2016

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Traditionally, friction reducer systems have been used to promote laminar flow in pipe to reduce friction pressure in pumping of low viscosity, slickwater-type fracture treatments. In these types of treatments, velocity is the key factor in proppant transport into the reservoir. Typical testing of these conventional friction reducer fluid systems focuses primarily on the chemical's ability to reduce treatment pressures and permit higher fluid velocities.In an effort to reduce completions costs and improve operational efficiency while maintaining baseline well productivity, our Completions Team applied these conventional friction reducers in an unconventional way. The project used high concentrations of friction reducer (HCFR) as a direct replacement for a guar-based borate crosslinked system without modification to the standard treatment and proppant schedule. The team took steps to qualify the fluid for field implementation, including low shear rate viscosity testing, proppant settling testing, and regained conductivity testing.Following qualification and operational planning, the team performed field trials. The data showed a reduction in footprint and overall horsepower requirements. The reduced volume and number of chemicals on location led to decreased exposure to hazardous chemicals and also simplified logistics, resulting in fewer truck movements on location. The reduction in chemicals impacted the economics of the well completion positively. The stimulation costs of the wells treated with HCFR when compared to the wells treated with the baseline fluid design showed a chemical cost reduction of approximately 22% per well.In addition to the cost and operational efficiency benefits observed in the project, initial production data indicates that the wells are meeting or exceeding baseline productivity curves.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Concentration Polyacrylamide-Based Friction Reducer Used as a Direct Substitute for Guar-Based Borate Crosslinked Fluid in Fracturing Operations

Motiee

Johnson

Ward

et al. 2016

Day 1 Tue, February 09, 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Advanced Residue-Free Fracturing Fluid with Improved Friction Reduction and Exceptional Cleanup Properties

Singh

Russell

Schnoor

et al. 2015

SPE European Formation Damage Conference and Exhibition

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Conventional guar borate systems have historically been preferred for hydraulic fracturing applications because of the lower cost of the base polymer and crosslinker. Additionally, the fluid formulations can be easily tailored based on reservoir conditions and operational needs and the favorable tubular friction reducing characteristics of guar-based fluid systems makes them a desirable option for fracturing fluid systems. However, water insoluble residue resulting from guar-based systems may significantly impact the permeability of the proppant pack when flowing back and producing the well. A recently developed, nearly residue-free (RF) fluid system offers excellent cleanup properties and, as a result, has provided significantly improved production of hydrocarbons compared to typical guar-borate systems. While offering excellent performance and production, the RF fluid demonstrated significantly less friction reduction than comparable guar-based systems. This paper introduces a newly developed fluid system offering equivalent cleanup properties and performance, but with significantly enhanced friction reduction. The lower friction of the (LF)-RF system helps lower wellhead pressures to allow maintaining pump rate, adhering to the job design, to place the desired amount of proppant in the fracture. This newly developed LF-RF fluid is a high performance fracturing fluid with improved regained conductivity and core permeability cleanup compared to typical guar-borate crosslinked systems. It is applicable within a wide variety of reservoirs, including unconventional reservoirs, and to-date has been successfully used in more than 1,100 stages since its introduction in early 2014. The LF-RF fluid system is applicable from 100 to 275°F bottomhole static temperature (BHST) and offers excellent operational versatility and proppant transport. This paper compares fluid performance and friction response of a conventional guar-borate fluid and the existing RF system with the newly developed LF-RF fracturing fluid.

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Carboxymethylcellulose a Cost Effective Alternative to Guar, CMHPG and Surfactant-Based Fluid Systems

Azizov¹,

Quintero²,

Saxton³

et al. 2015

Day 2 Wed, October 21, 2015

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The first fracture treatment using crosslinked guar was performed in 1969. Since then guar and its derivative polymers have dominated hydraulic fracturing. But because of volatility and supply issues with guar gum that have surfaced during peak activity years, industry has turned to alternatives. One of those is Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) that just like guar comes from food industry. CMC is also used in pharmaceuticals as a thickening agent, and in the oil and gas industry as an ingredient in drilling mud. Use in hydraulic fracturing is surprisingly limited. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate successful cases of CMC based treatments over traditional guar and surfactant based treatments used in linear and foamed applications. This paper presents several cases from treatments performed on formations such as Cardium, Montney, Belly River, and Dunvegan. Presented production comparison will demonstrate that wells treated with CMC based hydraulic fracturing fluid system yield similar performance when compared to wells treated with guar, its derivatives, and surfactant based fluid systems. Cost savings realized when switching to CMC based fluid systems are also discussed in the paper. Laboratory tests described, performed, and results shared to demonstrate the performance of CMC compared to guar, Carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar (CMHPG), and surfactant systems. The paper attempts to provide degree of confidence to the operators looking for cleaner alternatives to industry established fluid systems and shows that these can be successfully implemented without additional risk or cost.

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Production Comparison of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids in the Bakken and Three Forks Formations of North Dakota

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

High Concentration Polyacrylamide-Based Friction Reducer Used as a Direct Substitute for Guar-Based Borate Crosslinked Fluid in Fracturing Operations

High Concentration Polyacrylamide-Based Friction Reducer Used as a Direct Substitute for Guar-Based Borate Crosslinked Fluid in Fracturing Operations

Advanced Residue-Free Fracturing Fluid with Improved Friction Reduction and Exceptional Cleanup Properties

Carboxymethylcellulose a Cost Effective Alternative to Guar, CMHPG and Surfactant-Based Fluid Systems

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