Production Flux and Chemical Characteristics of Spray Aerosol Generated From Raindrop Impact on Seawater and Soil

Zhou, Kai; Wang, Shurong; Lu, Xiaohui; Chen, Hong; Wang, Lin; Chen, Jianmin; Yang, Xin; Wang, Xiaofei

doi:10.1029/2019jd032052

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Super-2 μm MP were readily detected by a direct microscope method, while sub-2 μm MP were detected and analyzed by an online singleparticle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS, Hexin, Guangzhou, China; <2 μm diameter) in our studies. 24 The possibility that the experimental setup might release MP was ruled out by a blank control experiment. Detection of Generated SSA Containing MP.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining Microplastic Particle Emission Flux from the Ocean

Yang

Zhang

Gan

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Sea spray aerosols (SSA) are believed to be a significant source of atmospheric microplastic particles (MP). However, only a few receptor calculations, with considerable uncertainties, have quantified the oceanic contribution to atmospheric MP. Here we conducted laboratory studies of the transfer of MP via SSA and found that MP were highly enriched in SSA relative to seawater, with experimentally determined enrichment factors reaching ∼24 000 depending on the size of MP. These results were utilized to obtain bottom-up emission estimates of oceanic MP. For MP with diameters of 0.3–70 μm, the annual global flux was estimated to be 24 (∼1–47) quintillion pieces or 773 (∼30–1515) tons. For MP with diameters of <10 μm that are capable of long-range atmospheric transport, it was 23 (∼1–45) quintillion pieces or 39 (∼2–76) tons. Our study strongly suggests that the oceans are unlikely to be a significant source of atmospheric MP relative to other anthropogenic sources of MP.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining Microplastic Particle Emission Flux from the Ocean

Yang

Zhang

Gan

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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“…Droplets are produced from the tubule connected to syringe pump at a constant drop rate of 38 drops per minute (6.13 mm/hr). The needle is set at the height of 3.5 m, which can ensure that the dripping speed of water drops reaches 87% of the terminal speed (Chu et al., 1999; Spilhaus, 1948; van Boxel, 1998; Zhou et al., 2020). The diameter of droplets is around 3.0 mm, which is within 0–5 mm of the natural distribution range of raindrops (Hosking & Stow, 1991; Marshall & Palmer, 1948).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Theoretical Model of Soil Aerosol Generation and Vertical Transport During Rainfall

et al. 2023

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Related to human health, a myriad of viruses and microorganisms are adhered on the surfaces of the aerosols and may cause disease to spread widely through the respiratory tract (Chen et al., 2015;Huffman et al., 2013;Joung et al., 2017). It is also one of the main routes of transmission for COVID-19, which has taken a huge toll on the global human existence and economy in recent years (Bale et al., 2022;Firle et al., 2022;Le et al., 2021). An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of aerosols generation and transport are critical to stopping the transmission of respiratory diseases like COVID-19.Traditional theories hold that, windblown dust and sea salt from sea spray are the chief sources of environmental aerosol (Fuchs, 1989;Lighthart & Mohr, 1994; Ruzer & Harley, 2012). In recent years, a new mechanisms of aerosols generation reported by Joung (2015) shows that aerosols can be produced from raindrops impacting on porous surfaces. When raindrops impact on porous surfaces such as soil and clay, bubbles will form in the droplets and then burst, leading to the generation of aerosols (Figure 1a). These aerosols are considered as a mainly

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“…2015), spray generation from raindrop impacts on seawater and soil (Zhou et al. 2020) and planetary impact craters (Melosh 1989; Landeau et al. 2021; Lherm et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include engineering applications such as the water entry of projectiles (Clanet, Hersen & Bocquet 2004) or spray painting (Hines 1966). They also include Earth sciences applications such as the production of oily marine aerosol by raindrops (Murphy et al 2015), spray generation from raindrop impacts on seawater and soil (Zhou et al 2020) and planetary impact craters (Melosh 1989;Landeau et al 2021;Lherm et al 2021Lherm et al , 2022. Planetary impacts occur on terrestrial planets from the early stages of accretion to modern meteorite impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Velocity field and cavity dynamics in drop impact experiments

Lherm

Deguen

2023

J. Fluid Mech.

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Drop impact experiments allow the modelling of a wide variety of natural processes, from raindrop impacts to planetary impact craters. In particular, interpreting the consequences of planetary impacts requires an accurate description of the flow associated with the cratering process. In our experiments, we release a liquid drop above a deep liquid pool to investigate simultaneously the dynamics of the cavity and the velocity field produced around the air–liquid interface. Using particle image velocimetry, we analyse quantitatively the velocity field using a shifted Legendre polynomial decomposition. We show that the velocity field is more complex than considered in previous models, in relation to the non-hemispherical shape of the crater. In particular, the velocity field is dominated by degrees 0 and 1, with contributions from degree 2, and is independent of the Froude and the Weber numbers when these numbers are large enough. We then derive a semi-analytical model based on the Legendre polynomial expansion of an unsteady Bernoulli equation coupled with a kinematic boundary condition at the crater boundary. This model explains the experimental observations and can predict the time evolution of both the velocity field and the shape of the crater, including the initiation of the central jet.

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Production Flux and Chemical Characteristics of Spray Aerosol Generated From Raindrop Impact on Seawater and Soil

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Constraining Microplastic Particle Emission Flux from the Ocean

Constraining Microplastic Particle Emission Flux from the Ocean

A Theoretical Model of Soil Aerosol Generation and Vertical Transport During Rainfall

Velocity field and cavity dynamics in drop impact experiments

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