Production of 3,4-dihydroxy phenyl-l-alanine (l-DOPA) by Egyptian halophilic black yeast

Abstract

Production of 3,4-dihydroxy phenyl-L-alanine (L-DOPA) using an Egyptian isolate of halophilic black yeast was studied. Optimum aeration level and incubation period for high yield production of L-DOPA were 50 ml medium/250 ml flask with 200 rpm and 36 h, respectively. Two new techniques (addition of aniline or NaCl to the medium) have been investigated to enhance the monophenolase activity and inhibit or reduce diphenolase activity of tyrosinase to form high yield of L-DOPA without more oxidation to melanin. Addition of aniline to tyrosine medium at 3 ll/ml medium enhanced L-DOPA production 2.9 fold, however, addition of NaCl at 20% showed the same amount of L-DOPA as the control. Peptone and ram horn hydrolysate were studied as nitrogen sources instead of tyrosine in the medium and they showed good nitrogen sources for L-DOPA production as tyrosine. Finally, addition of aniline (3 ll/ml) to ram horn hydrolysate was economically feasible and cost effective for L-DOPA production by Egyptian halophilic black yeast.

Optimization of l‐DOPA production by Brevundimonas sp. SGJ using response surface methodology

“…The literature survey revealed that single‐ and multiple‐stage cell suspension cultures of Mucuna pruriens have been reported to yield 0.028 g l −1 l ‐DOPA within 15 and 30 days respectively (Chattopadhyay et al ., 1994 ). Portulaca grandiflora has been reported to produce 0.488 g l −1 of l ‐DOPA at the 16th hour (Rani et al ., 2007 ); Acremonium rutilum produced 0.89 g l −1 l ‐DOPA, whereas Egyptian black yeast yielded 0.064 g l −1 (Krishnaveni et al ., 2009 ; Mahmoud and Bendary, 2011 ). The biomass of Aspergillus oryzae and Yarrowia lipolytica has been reported to produce 1.686 and 2.960 g l −1 l ‐DOPA respectively (Ali and Haq, 2006 ; Ali et al ., 2007 ).…”

Evaluation of Various Factors Affecting Bioconversion of l-Tyrosine to l-DOPA by Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica-NCIM 3450 Using Response Surface Methodology

“…Also at alkaline pH, less l -DOPA yield resulted due to the conversion of l -DOPA into further metabolites like dopaquinone and melanin [ 9 ]. Previous reports shows that Egyptian Black Yeast produced l -DOPA at 10 pH [ 14 ], while Y. lipolytica NRRL-143 and A. oryzae shows the l -DOPA production at acidic condition; 3.5 and 5.4 respectively [ 9 , 10 ].

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“…The literature survey revealed that single and multiple stage cell suspension cultures of M. pruriens have been reported to yield 0.028 g L −1 l -DOPA within 15 and 30 days, respectively [ 17 ]. P. grandiflora has been reported to produce 0.488 g L −1 of l -DOPA at the 16th hour [ 16 ]; A. rutilum produced 0.89 g L −1 l -DOPA, whereas Egyptian black yeast yielded 0.064 g L −1 [ 13 , 14 ]. Thus Y. lipolytica- NCIM 3450 in the present study produced the highest yield of l -DOPA (1.273 g L −1 ).…”

“…The factors affecting the yield of l -DOPA were selected by screening various carbon sources, nitrogen sources, mineral salts and physical factors such as pH and temperature. In addition, some of these variables were selected from the primary literature review [ 13 , 14 ]. A total of 11 process parameters, including X 1 (pH), X 2 (Temperature), X 3 (Yeast extract), X 4 (Peptone), X 5 (Beef extract), X 6 (Sucrose), X 7 ( l -tyrosine), X 8 (CuSO 4 ), X 9 (MgSO 4 ), X 10 (K 2 HPO 4 ), X 11 (Thiamine) were added at two levels: low (−1) and high (+1).…”

“…JPJ [ 11 ] and Brevundimonas sp. SGJ [ 12 ] , Acremonium rutilum [ 13 ] and Egyptian halophilic black yeast [ 14 ]. In addition, plant sources, such as cell suspension cultures of banana and Portulaca grandiflora , have also been reported for l -DOPA production [ 15 , 16 ].…”