“…In addition, the use of these residues as carbon sources through solid-state fermentation provides an important way to reduce the fermentation cost and avoid environmental problems caused by their disposal, representing an economical and interesting solution for countries with an abundance of these materials. Several of these residues, including coffee pulp and husk, sugarcane and agave bagasses, fruit pulps and peels, corn cobs, among others, have been used as supports and/or substrates for the production of valuable compounds by solidstate fermentation, including enzymes (Guimarães et al, 2009;Mamma et al, 2008;Oliveira et al, 2006), organic acids (John et al, 2006;Sharma et al, 2008;Vandenberghe et al, 2000), antibiotics (Adinarayana et al, 2003;Ellaiah et al, 2004), flavor and aroma compounds (Medeiros et al, 2006;Rossi et al, 2009;Sarhy-Bagnon et al, 2000), and bioactive compounds (Hernández et al, 2008;Vattem and Shetty, 2003).…”