Production of a cytotoxic human monoclonal antibody with specificity for HLA-DR4 and -DRw10 by cells derived from a highly sensitized kidney recipient

Incidence and specificity of HLA antibodies in multitransfused patients with acquired aplastic anemia

“…These dominant clones could be replicating in the absence of exposure to antigen, a scenario that might have evolved if they had undergone in vivo EBV transformation. Our previous finding of an IgM anti‐HLA Class II secreting memory B‐cell clone in a renal transplant recipient who had been treated with several courses of immunosuppressive therapy are consistent with this notion 81 . Alternatively, if antibody‐producing cells are deemed to require persistent antigen to drive them, 82 viable cells originating from the transfusion donor and establishing long‐term multilineage chimaerism in the recipient would offer an obvious source 21,83 , 84…”