Production of activated carbon from sludge of food processing industry under controlled pyrolysis and its application for methylene blue removal

Influence of process parameters on the surface and chemical properties of activated carbon obtained from biochar by chemical activation

“…The slope 1/n ranging between 0 and 1 is a measure of adsorption intensity or surface heterogeneity, becoming more heterogeneous as its value gets closer to zero. A value of 1/n below 1 indicates a normal Freundlich isotherm while 1/n above 1 is indicative of cooperative adsorption (Mahapatra et al 2012). Values of 1/n were found to be <1 in this study ( Table 4).…”

“…One of the major problems concerning textile wastewaters is colored effluent. This wastewater contains a variety of organic compounds and toxic substances, which are harmful to fish and other aquatic organisms (Ramakrishna and Viraraghavan, 1997;Mahapatra et al, 2012). Methylene blue (MB) dye causes eye burns, which may be responsible for permanent injury to the eyes of human and animals (Mahapatra et al, 2012).…”

“…This wastewater contains a variety of organic compounds and toxic substances, which are harmful to fish and other aquatic organisms (Ramakrishna and Viraraghavan, 1997;Mahapatra et al, 2012). Methylene blue (MB) dye causes eye burns, which may be responsible for permanent injury to the eyes of human and animals (Mahapatra et al, 2012). There are several methods for dye removals, such as coagulation and chemical oxidation, membrane separation process, electrochemical, filtration, reverse osmosis and aerobic/anaerobic microbial degradation but all of these methods suffer from one or other limitations, and none of them were successful in completely removing the color from wastewater.…”

“…Dyes can be effectively removed by adsorption process; in which dissolved dye compounds attach themselves to the surface of adsorbents (Karagozoglu et al, 2007). For this reason, many researchers investigated adsorption capacities of produced activated carbons from different precursors for dyes removal from wastewater 4 Mahapatra et al, 2012;Gerçel et al, 2007;Foo and Hameed, 2011). Adsorption capacity is important feature for activated carbon.…”

“…In this study, adsorption capacities of activated carbons obtained at different activation temperatures and impregnation ratios were investigated. Several adsorption isotherm equations are available and two important isotherms are selected in this study, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms(Mahapatra et al, 2012).The Langmuir adsorption isotherm assumes that adsorption occurs at specific homogenous sites within the adsorbent and found successful application many adsorption processes of monolayer adsorption. The linear form of Langmuir isotherm equation(Mahapatra et al 2012) is represented by the following equation…”