Production of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles modified by alkanethiol self‐assembled monolayers by direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge generated in contact with a flowing liquid anode

Abstract

Direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge (dc‐APGD) generated in contact with a flowing liquid anode (FLA) is used for continuous synthesis of size‐defined silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) modified by a (11‐mercaptoundecyl)‐N,N,N‐trimethylammonium chloride (TMA) alkanethiol self‐assembled monolayer. The impact of the operating parameters (concentration of Ag(I) ions, solution flow rate, discharge current) on the size of TMA‐AgNPs is examined. Design of experiments along with response surface methodology reveals that it is possible to obtain size‐defined TMA‐AgNPs, the smallest being 1.21 ± 0.80 nm. Furthermore, the reactive species involved in formation of TMA‐AgNPs are identified using optical emission spectrometry. TMA‐AgNPs are characterized by several other experimental techniques, which confirm production of approximately spherical, well‐dispersed TMA‐AgNPs. Additionally, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV/Vis absorption spectrophotometry confirmed that the surface of Ag nanostructures is covered by TMA. TMA‐AgNPs display antimicrobial activity toward multiple human pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans) with minimal bactericidal concentrations or minimal fungicidal concentrations of 3.90 ± 0.15, 7.79 ± 0.30, and 3.90 ± 0.15 mg/L, respectively.

A Mini-Review on Anion Exchange and Chelating Polymers for Applications in Hydrometallurgy, Environmental Protection, and Biomedicine

“…A few years ago, a significant increase in the interest was observed for using CAPP-based technologies in nanotechnology due to the fact that the ROS and RNS of defined red-ox properties, generated during the CAPP operation, can be used for the synthesis of nanomaterials [58,[62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72]. Bearing in mind a wide range of possibilities for nanomaterials' applications and simplicity of their CAPP-based synthesis, recently our research group developed an innovative and efficient CAPP-based method for the continuous synthesis of nanomaterials, including AuNPs [73][74][75][76], AgNPs [77][78][79][80][81], Au-Ag@NPs [82], and PtNPs [83]. In contrast to the CAPP-based methods suitable for stationary metallic nanostructures' synthesis that were developed and applied by other research groups [62][63][64][65][67][68][69][70][71][72], in the proposed method, the metallic nanostructures are being continuously produced in a flow mode (Figure 8).…”

“…CAPP-based synthesis, recently our research group developed an innovative and efficient CAPPbased method for the continuous synthesis of nanomaterials, including AuNPs [73][74][75][76], AgNPs [77][78][79][80][81], Au-Ag@NPs [82], and PtNPs [83]. In contrast to the CAPP-based methods suitable for stationary metallic nanostructures' synthesis that were developed and applied by other research groups [62][63][64][65][67][68][69][70][71][72], in the proposed method, the metallic nanostructures are being continuously produced in a flow mode (Figure 8).…”

“…In contrast to the CAPP-based methods suitable for stationary metallic nanostructures' synthesis that were developed and applied by other research groups [62][63][64][65][67][68][69][70][71][72], in the proposed method, the metallic nanostructures are being continuously produced in a flow mode (Figure 8). This highly efficient production of metallic nanostructures is associated with the character of the developed reaction-discharge system, employing as a CAPP source either the direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge (dc-APGD) [73][74][75][76][77][79][80][81][82][83] or pulse-modulated radio-frequency atmospheric pressure glow discharge (pm-rf-APGD) [78,84]. In our studies, the dc-APGD was generated between either the pin-type tungsten electrode [75,76,77,[79][80][81]83] or Ar nozzle [73,74,82] This highly efficient production of metallic nanostructures is associated with the character of the developed reaction-discharge system, employing as a CAPP source either the direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge (dc-APGD) [73][74][75][76][77][79][80]…”

“…This highly efficient production of metallic nanostructures is associated with the character of the developed reaction-discharge system, employing as a CAPP source either the direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge (dc-APGD) [73][74][75][76][77][79][80][81][82][83] or pulse-modulated radio-frequency atmospheric pressure glow discharge (pm-rf-APGD) [78,84]. In our studies, the dc-APGD was generated between either the pin-type tungsten electrode [75,76,77,[79][80][81]83] or Ar nozzle [73,74,82] This highly efficient production of metallic nanostructures is associated with the character of the developed reaction-discharge system, employing as a CAPP source either the direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge (dc-APGD) [73][74][75][76][77][79][80][81][82][83] or pulse-modulated radio-frequency atmospheric pressure glow discharge (pm-rf-APGD) [78,84]. In our studies, the dc-APGD was generated between either the pin-type tungsten electrode [75][76][77][79][80][81]83] or Ar nozzle…”

“…In our studies, the dc-APGD was generated between either the pin-type tungsten electrode [75,76,77,[79][80][81]83] or Ar nozzle [73,74,82] This highly efficient production of metallic nanostructures is associated with the character of the developed reaction-discharge system, employing as a CAPP source either the direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge (dc-APGD) [73][74][75][76][77][79][80][81][82][83] or pulse-modulated radio-frequency atmospheric pressure glow discharge (pm-rf-APGD) [78,84]. In our studies, the dc-APGD was generated between either the pin-type tungsten electrode [75][76][77][79][80][81]83] or Ar nozzle [73,74,82] and the surface of flowing liquid electrode, being a NPs' precursor solution introduced to the designed reaction-discharge systems. On the other hand, the pm-rf-APGD was generated between the pin-type tungsten electrode and the surface of the flowing liquid electrode [78,84].…”