Production of Bacteriolytic, Enzyme by Bacteriophage from Seawater

Hirayama, Shin; Ueda, Ryohei; Sugata, Kiyoshi; Kamiyoshi, Hideki

doi:10.1271/bbb.57.2166

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…This might pose a threat to competing bacteria. It has been reported that phage-borne enzymes, which are liberated from a marine Vibrio host during viral lysis are bacteriolytic against a variety of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial strains [447]. It has also has been argued that lysozyme liberation might be a weapon against competing phages by sweeping receptors on host cells [38].…”

Section: Phage-induced Mortality Without Viral Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of prokaryotic viruses

2004

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The finding that total viral abundance is higher than total prokaryotic abundance and that a significant fraction of the prokaryotic community is infected with phages in aquatic systems has stimulated research on the ecology of prokaryotic viruses and their role in ecosystems. This review treats the ecology of prokaryotic viruses ('phages') in marine, freshwater and soil systems from a 'virus point of view'. The abundance of viruses varies strongly in different environments and is related to bacterial abundance or activity suggesting that the majority of the viruses found in the environment are typically phages. Data on phage diversity are sparse but indicate that phages are extremely diverse in natural systems. Lytic phages are predators of prokaryotes, whereas lysogenic and chronic infections represent a parasitic interaction. Some forms of lysogeny might be described best as mutualism. The little existing ecological data on phage populations indicate a large variety of environmental niches and survival strategies. The host cell is the main resource for phages and the resource quality, i.e., the metabolic state of the host cell, is a critical factor in all steps of the phage life cycle. Virus-induced mortality of prokaryotes varies strongly on a temporal and spatial scale and shows that phages can be important predators of bacterioplankton. This mortality and the release of cell lysis products into the environment can strongly influence microbial food web processes and biogeochemical cycles. Phages can also affect host diversity, e.g., by 'killing the winner' and keeping in check competitively dominant species or populations. Moreover, they mediate gene transfer between prokaryotes, but this remains largely unknown in the environment. Genomics or proteomics are providing us now with powerful tools in phage ecology, but final testing will have to be performed in the environment.

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Section: Phage-induced Mortality Without Viral Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of prokaryotic viruses

2004

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“…It has been suggested that viral lysis contributes to the pools of dissolved DNA (20,28), proteins (8), and carbohydrates (29) in marine systems. However, the effects of viral lysis on the growth and metabolism of noninfected bacteria in natural ecosystems are poorly understood.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of viruses on nutrient turnover and growth efficiency of noninfected marine bacterioplankton

Middelboe¹,

Jørgensen²,

Kroer³

1996

Appl Environ Microbiol

206

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The effects of virus infection and lysis of a marine Vibrio sp. on C, N, and P turnover and the growth efficiency of noninfected bacterioplankton were studied in a series of dilution cultures. The cultures were enriched with various sources of organic matter and N and P. The growth of the Vibrio host and the growth of the natural bacterioplankton were measured by immunofluorescence and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining methods, respectively. Lysis products resulting from infection of the Vibrio sp. caused an increase in metabolic activity and cell production by the noninfected bacterioplankton. In P-limited cultures, the addition of viruses increased the uptake of dissolved organic carbon by 72% and the potential alkaline phosphatase activity by 89% compared with control cultures without viruses. Our data suggest that input of available phosphorus through virus-induced Vibrio lysates occurred, which caused an increase in the bacterial nutrient uptake. The growth efficiency of noninfected bacteria was reduced in the presence of viruses compared with the control without viruses (growth efficiencies, 0.08 ؎ 0.03 and 0.24 ؎ 0.02, respectively). We suggest that the decrease in growth efficiency may be explained by an increase in bacterial energy demand associated with extracellular degradation of polymeric organic nitrogen and phosphorus in cell lysates.

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Morphological characterization and biocontrol effects of Vibrio vulnificus phages against Vibriosis in the shrimp aquaculture environment

Srinivasan

Ramasamy

2017

Microbial Pathogenesis

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Production of Bacteriolytic, Enzyme by Bacteriophage from Seawater

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Ecology of prokaryotic viruses

Ecology of prokaryotic viruses

Effects of viruses on nutrient turnover and growth efficiency of noninfected marine bacterioplankton

Morphological characterization and biocontrol effects of Vibrio vulnificus phages against Vibriosis in the shrimp aquaculture environment

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