Production of Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl., (Lecythidaceae) seedlings in microenvironments under different substrates

Abstract

The lack of technological options for forest concessionaires to produce seedlings of native tree species in the Peruvian Amazon is a bottleneck for reforestation in the region. In this study, a new technology for seedlings production of low cost and accessible to producers was developed. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of using buckets as microenvironments under different substrates for the initial growth of Bertholletia excelsa seedlings. Forty days after germinating, the seedlings were transplanted to 115 cm³ tubes containing a standard substrate composed by sand + sawdust + charred sawdust in the proportion of 1:1:1 v/v. Afterwards, the tubes were settled in buckets (microenvironments) under a 100% shade net. The experimental design used in this study was fully randomized and the treatments were T1 = sand, T2 = sand + sawdust, T3 = decomposed Brazil nut shell and T4 = forest soil. The substrate T2 promoted the shoot length, root length, leaves number, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, and slenderness index in B. excelsa seedlings. Quality of B. excelsa seedlings produced in microenvironments was similar among treatments, regardless of the used substrate.Produção de mudas de Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl., (Lecythidaceae) em microambientes e diferentes substratos RESUMO: A falta de opções tecnológicas de concessionários de florestas para a produção de mudas de espécies nativas na Amazônia peruana é um gargalo para o reflorestamento na região. Neste estudo, uma nova tecnologia de produção de mudas de baixo custo e acessível a produtores foi desenvolvida. Assim, o objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência do uso de baldes como microambientes e substratos para o crescimento inicial de plântulas de Bertholletia excelsa. Aos 40 dias após a emergência, as plântulas foram repicadas para tubetes com capacidade de 115 cm³, contento um substrato padrão composto por areia + serragem + serragem carbonizada na proporção (1:1:1 v/v). Posteriormente, os tubetes foram acondicionadas em baldes (microambientes) com telado a 100% de sombra. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso e os tratamentos foram: T1 = areia, T2 = areia + serragem, T3 = casca de castanha decomposta e T4 = solo de floresta. O substrato T2 favoreceu o comprimento de parte aérea, raiz, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, raízes e total, além do índice de esbeltez de mudas de B. excelsa. A qualidade das mudas de B. excelsa produzidas em microambientes foi semelhante entre os tratamentos, independente do substrato utilizado.Palavras-chave: castanheira-do-brasil; concessionários florestais; Amazônia peruana; reflorestamento; qualidade de mudas Production of Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl., (Lecythidaceae) seedlings in microenvironments under different substrates Rev. Bras.

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