Production of Bio-Coke from spent mushroom substrate for a sustainable solid fuel

Baharin, Nur Syahirah Kamal; Koesoemadinata, Vidya Cundasari; Nakamura, Shunsuke; Azman, Nadia Farhana; Yuzir, Ali; Akhir, Fazrena Nadia Md; Yahya, Wira Jazair; Othman, Norhayani; Ida, Tamio; Hara, Hirofumi

doi:10.1007/s13399-020-00844-5

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This indicates that the biocoke had lost ductility, which made it more brittle. Biocoke lost its moisture content during the heating process, which increased the glass transition temperature and reduced the interdiffusion of the polymer compounds (cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose) between particles in the biocoke [47]. According to Arman (2019) [48], moisture is a softening agent of those biopolymers during the densification process.…”

Section: Compressive Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Types and Composition of Biomass in Biocoke Synthesis with the Coal Blending Method

Yustanti

Wardhono

Mursito³

et al. 2021

Energies

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The steelmaking industry requires coke as a reducing agent, as an energy source, and for its ability to hold slag in a blast furnace. Coking coal as raw coke material is very limited. Studying the use of biomass as a mixture of coking coal in the synthesis of biocoke is necessary to reduce greenhouse gas coal emissions. This research focuses on biomass and heating temperature through the coal blending method to produce biocoke with optimal mechanical properties for the blast-furnace standard. The heating temperature of biomass to biochar was evaluated at 400, 500, and 600 °C. The blending of coking coal with biochar was in the compositions of 95:5, 85:15, and 75:25 wt.%. A compacting force of 20 MPa was employed to produce biocoke that was 50 mm in diameter and 27 mm thick using a hot cylinder dye. The green sample was heated at 1100 °C for 4 h, followed by quenching with a water medium, resulting in dense samples. Increasing heating temperature is generally directly proportional to an increase in fixed carbon and calorific value. Biocoke that meets several blast-furnace criteria is a coal mixture with coconut-shell charcoal of 85:15 wt.%. Carbonization at 500 °C, yielding fixed carbon, calorific value, and compressive strength, was achieved at 89.02 ± 0.11%; 29.681 ± 0.46 MJ/kg, and 6.53 ± 0.4 MPa, respectively. This product meets several criteria for blast-furnace applications, with CRI 29.8 and CSR 55.1.

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Section: Compressive Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Types and Composition of Biomass in Biocoke Synthesis with the Coal Blending Method

Yustanti

Wardhono

Mursito³

et al. 2021

Energies

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“…The combustion duration is 200 s, and wood pellets have a low combustion temperature of 593 C. With the conversion of the palm wastes at a temperature of 170 C , the bio-coke obtained has a density of 1.3 g/cm 3 , with high mechanical strength and high calorific value than that of the wood pellets. 6…”

Section: Research On Palm Oil Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Meeting the sustainable development goals in a tropical climate

Zakaria

2020

J Chinese Chemical Soc

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This article reflects on the Federation of Asian Chemical Societies (FACS) Citation Award Lecture delivered in the Industrial Technology Research Institute Symposium on CO 2 Utilization and Green Technology during the 18th Asian Chemical Congress held in Taipei, December 12, 2019. Malaysia produces sizable amounts of palm oil and palm kernel oil, with palm fronds and tree trunks as the main waste. At the Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology, the biomass was decomposed to produce fine chemicals, used as substrate for mushroom growth, and converted to bio-coke for heat energy. A notable difference has been found regarding the emission of greenhouse gases from a natural peat forest and those from the oil palm plantation converted from peatlands, where in the palm plantation, water table is lowered and aerobic processes occurs, resulting in more CO 2 being released compared to CH 4. The introduction of fertilizers to the plantation resulted in more N 2 O being released. The team has also pioneered a project to plant temperate vegetables. Cooling pipes (16-18 C with circulating water cooled by chiller) were embedded within each thermal conditioning soil plot. Lettuce and radish, the experimental plants, showed good growth in the thermal conditioning soil due to nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which were destroyed at a higher temperature. K E Y W O R D S bioorganic chemistry, green chemistry 2 | CHALLENGES IN RECENT UNSUSTAINABLE PRACTICES Recent unsustainable practice was detected with a toxic pollution incident on March 7, 2019, where illegal chemical waste was dumped at the Kim Kim River in Pasir Gudang of Johor in Malaysia. The marine oil waste emitted flammable methane and benzene fumes. The

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“…Co-digestion of SMS with other lignocellulosic biomass sources has displayed significant potential, particularly in the enhancement of methane and hydrogen production [30,34]. This collaborative approach not only advances renewable energy objectives but also contributes to cost reduction in operational processes [35]. Expanding its role, SMS emerges as a bioremediation contender, targeting environmental contamination through living organisms [36,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking the Potential of Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) for Enhanced Agricultural Sustainability: From Environmental Benefits to Poultry Nutrition

Baptista,

Almeida,

Paié-Ribeiro

et al. 2023

Life

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In this comprehensive review, we delve into the myriad applications of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) in agricultural contexts, with a particular emphasis on its role in fostering sustainable poultry production. Our examination spans three key domains: the use of SMS in fertilizers, its impact on environmental factors and gas emissions, and its contribution to poultry nutrition. This review synthesizes findings from multiple studies that underscore the potential of composted SMS as a viable alternative to conventional inorganic fertilizers, effectively meeting crop nutrient needs while mitigating groundwater contamination risks. Moreover, we highlight the substantial environmental advantages associated with the utilization of SMS and poultry waste, including reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and the promotion of sustainable waste management practices. Additionally, we explore the promising outcomes of integrating SMS into animal feed formulations, which have demonstrated significant enhancements in livestock growth performance and overall health. In sum, this review underscores the versatility and untapped potential of SMS as a valuable agricultural resource, with a particular focus on its role in advancing sustainable practices, optimizing nutrient management, and harnessing the value of organic waste materials, especially in the context of poultry production.

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Production of Bio-Coke from spent mushroom substrate for a sustainable solid fuel

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Types and Composition of Biomass in Biocoke Synthesis with the Coal Blending Method

Types and Composition of Biomass in Biocoke Synthesis with the Coal Blending Method

Meeting the sustainable development goals in a tropical climate

Unlocking the Potential of Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) for Enhanced Agricultural Sustainability: From Environmental Benefits to Poultry Nutrition

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