Production of biodiesel from mixed waste vegetable oils using Ferric hydrogen sulphate as an effective reusable heterogeneous solid acid catalyst

Abstract

Biodiesel production by simultaneous esterification and transesterification of waste oil with methanol has been studied in a heterogeneous system using solid ferric hydrogen sulphate [Fe (HSO4)3] acid catalyst. The catalyst was prepared by displacement reaction followed by calcination at 400 °C for 3 h. The prepared catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), Brunner-Emmett-Teller surface area measurement (BET), thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 (TPD-NH3). Furthermore, the dependence of the conversion of mixed waste oil on the reactions variables such as the molar ratio of methanol/oil, the amount of catalysts used, reaction temperatures, reusability were also investigated. The catalyst was reused many times with slight loss in activity and the maximum yield of 94.5% was achieved at the optimized conditions of reaction temperature of 205 °C; stirring speed of 350 rpm, 1:15 molar ratio of oil to alcohol and 1% w/w catalyst loading.

Synthesis of Waste Cooking Oil Based Biodiesel via Ferric-Manganese Promoted Molybdenum Oxide / Zirconia Nanoparticle Solid acid Catalyst: Influence of Ferric and Manganese Dopants

“…A total of 7.5 kg of oil was used for the optimization of biodiesel production process. The materials ferric nitrate nonahydrate, manganese nitrate tetra hydrate and ammonium molybdate tetra hydrate 99.0 , zirconium oxy chloride and ammonium hydroxide 28 -30 were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich-Malaysia and employed in the preparation of the catalyst 13,14 .…”

Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil Catalysed by Crystalline Copper Doped Zinc Oxide Nanocatalyst

“…Biodiesel property values can be checked by verifying it with the ASTM D6751 standard shown in table 4 [22,23,24,25,26]. Biodiesel produced seems to be matched with that of the ASTM D6751 biodiesel standard.…”

“…Studieshave shown that biodiesel being less polluting, non-toxic and biodegradable; it can be used directly in most diesel engines without much engine modifications. Biodiesel is commonly produced by transesterification of lipids, animal fats, grease and waste cooking oils [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13].Catalyst plays an important role in transesterification reactions. Homogeneous catalysts result in the formation of soap which makes more complication in the reaction and also in the product separation.…”

“…Heterogeneous catalysts has its own benefits such as ease of separation, easy recovery and can potentially be re-used. Finally, all these benefits leads to a reduced production cost [1,2,3,6]. Due to the nanodimension and morphological structure, the nanocatalyst composites provides higher catalytic activity [14,15].…”

Biodiesel Synthesis Catalyzed by Transition Metal Oxides: Ferric-Manganese Doped Tungstated/Molybdena Nanoparticle Catalyst

“…Initially, the waste cooking oil was heated at temperature in range of 100-108 to get rid of water by loss and food debris through filtration. The free fatty acid FFA content was determined by a standard titration method 10 .…”