Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil: A Review

Bhavani, A. Geetha; Sharma, V.

doi:10.30799/jacs.181.18040105

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Some of the disadvantages of homogeneous basic catalysts include the need to perform washes to remove the catalyst at the end of the reaction, as well as not being able to recover the catalyst [9,140]. The most important disadvantage of this type of catalyst, however, lies in its high sensitivity to the presence of water or FFA within the lipid raw material, since this type of catalyst needs to use refined feedstocks (<1%wt) or with a content of FFA <2% weight [141][142][143].…”

Section: Homogeneous Basic Catalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil: A Perspective on Catalytic Processes

et al. 2023

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Presently, the use of fossil fuels is not ecologically sustainable, which results in the need for new alternative energies such as biodiesel. This work presents a review of the classification of the lipidic feedstocks and the catalysts for biodiesel production. It also presents the pros and cons of the different processes and feedstocks through which biodiesel is obtained. In this context, cooking oil (WCO) has emerged as an alternative with a high potential for making the process sustainable. A detected limitation to achieving this is the high content of free fatty acids (FFA) and existing problems related to homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. To overcome this, the use of bifunctional catalysts is being evaluated by the scientific community. Thus, this work also explores the advances in the study of bifunctional catalysts, which are capable of simultaneously carrying out the esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) and the triglycerides present in the WCO. For the sake of an improved understanding of biodiesel production, flow diagrams and the mechanisms implied by each type of process (enzymatic, homogenous, and heterogeneous) are provided. This article also highlights some of the challenges in catalyst development for sustainable biodiesel production from low-grade raw materials.

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Section: Homogeneous Basic Catalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil: A Perspective on Catalytic Processes

et al. 2023

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“…Biodiesel is defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) as a mixture of long chain fatty acid monoalkyl esters, which can be derived from lipids coming from vegetable or animal fats. In recent decades, biodiesel has become a viable alternative fuel, mainly due to its physicochemical characteristics and its renewable character, since it is possible to obtain it from vegetable oils (refined, inedible or reused), as well as animal fats (Bhavani & Sharma, 2018). Some of the advantages and disadvantages of using biodiesel versus petroleum diesel are summarized in Figure 2.1.…”

Section: Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifunctional catalysts applied to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil

Cerón-Ferrusca¹,

Romero²,

Natividad³

et al. 2021

CIERMMI Women in Science Engineering and Technology TXV

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This work aims to present the analysis of the catalytic performance of Fe2O3/CaO as a bifunctional catalyst in the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. The clamshell was used as a source of calcium oxide by calcination. The catalyst was characterized by Thermogravimetric analysis and Differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The catalytic tests were conducted at 55 °C, the methanol:oil ratio was 12:1, amount of catalyst of 6%wt and reaction time of 5 h. The content of methyl esters in the produced biodiesel was >98% and was found to fulfill the specifications of European Norm UNE-EN 14214.

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“…In this respect, alkanes possess higher cetane number than alkenes. Generally, biodiesel has greater cetane number relative to the pure conventional diesel fuels, due to the presence of saturated molecules, longer fatty acid carbon chains, and more oxygen contents associated with the carbonyl groups. ,, The amount of oxygen that compos biodiesel ranges in 10–11% which can be used to increase the combustion efficiency of engines and decrease the fuel’s oxidation potential . The minimum values of the cetane number for biodiesel dictated by ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards are 47 and 51, respectively …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The standard test methods acceptable to assess cetane number of biodiesel are ASTM D613 and ISO 5165 procedures using a cetane engine, , where the delay of a mixture of cetane and alpha-methylnaphthalene with known cetane number is compared to the fuel ignition delay. But, theses standard experimental determinations need a large quantity of fuel samples for measurement (about 500 mL) and are quite difficult and time-consuming, and hence, numerous predictive models based on some fuel properties have been established. − Furthermore, certain fumes and gases present in the space where the test engine is situated might have a measurable impact on the result of the cetane number test . Since the cetane number is one of the most typical properties of biodiesel ignition delay after adding it to the combustion chamber, many researchers are troubled by its value determination when the cetane engine is not accessible and smaller measuring samples are presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Methods for Biodiesel Cetane Number Valuation: A Technical Note

Mekonnen,

Endris,

Abdu

2024

ACS Omega

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Biodiesel is an environmentally beneficial and clean energy source that may replace fossil fuels, which are detrimental to the environment and cannot be replenished. Therefore, the physicochemical parameters of biodiesel must be determined in order to verify its quality. The cetane number is a crucial dimensionless fuel property that gauges the fuel ignition quality in power diesel engines. A higher cetane number results in a shorter ignition delay time, and vice versa. Biodiesel’s cetane number may fluctuate due to a variety of fatty acid compositions, including variations in carbon chain length and the degree of unsaturation. The cetane number generally increases with increasing saturation and chain length, while it decreases as chain length is reduced and degrees of unsaturation and branching increase. This is the main reason for why alkanes possess a higher cetane number than alkenes and aromatics. The standard protocols for evaluating the cetane number of biodiesel are ASTM D613 and ISO 5165 test techniques using a monocylindrical cetane engine. However, adhering to these conventional procedures is quite challenging and time-consuming, and the cetane number test result may also be affected by the presence of certain gases and fumes. As a result, many researchers are bothered with cetane number valuation, and occasionally they skip it due to a lack of other options. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to present a set of more straightforward and relevant alternative techniques that can be applied to predict the cetane number of biodiesel when engine-based measurement is not practical. The three techniques with their designed pictographic outlooks conferred in this article include color indicator titration, aniline point, and fatty acid composition-based methods. The reported values of these procedures meet the minimum cut point of the biodiesel cetane number required by ASTM D6751 (≥47) and exhibit minimal variation from the typical standard methods. Nevertheless, the above-mentioned techniques are not applicable to other alternative biofuels except biodiesel products because they have a direct implication on the characteristics of the fatty acid profiles of different oil precursors, such as carbon chain length, degree of saturation or unsaturation, and aromaticity, which make up monoalkyl esters.

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Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil: A Review

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil: A Perspective on Catalytic Processes

Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil: A Perspective on Catalytic Processes

Bifunctional catalysts applied to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil

Alternative Methods for Biodiesel Cetane Number Valuation: A Technical Note

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