Production of biodiesel using lipase encapsulated in κ-carrageenan

Jegannathan, Kenthorai Raman; Ravindra, Pogaku

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10822-3

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…The catalyst is divided into two groups namely: heterogeneous and homogeneous. These 2 groups are divided into different types of catalysts which include: acid-, alkali, enzymatic and whole cell enzyme catalysts [32]. According to [32] is the homogeneous alkaline catalyst the most effective catalyst for biodiesel production due to the high conversion to product in "mild conditions."…”

Section: (2) Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These 2 groups are divided into different types of catalysts which include: acid-, alkali, enzymatic and whole cell enzyme catalysts [32]. According to [32] is the homogeneous alkaline catalyst the most effective catalyst for biodiesel production due to the high conversion to product in "mild conditions." Although, the reaction for homogeneous catalyst is fast must the catalyst be neutralized and thus can it not be reused or recovered [33].…”

Section: (2) Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Suitability of GC-MS Simulated Distillation as Means to Determine the Boiling Range of Biodiesel

2017

Nov. 27-28, 2017 South Africa ASETWM-17, RCABES-17 &Amp; EBHSSS-17

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Abstract-The suitability of GC-MS simulated distillation as means to determine the boiling range of biodiesel is determined in this study. The study is divided into two sections. Various vegetable oils and animal fats where an acid-and/or alkali-catalyst can be used and diluted with an alcohol to produce biodiesel. The produced biodiesel must meet the SANS 1935:2011 standards where it can be used for diesel engine automobiles [1]. The first section is known as the experimental procedure for the production of biodiesel from various feedstock's and the second section includes the distillation experiment of the biodiesel. The distillation procedure followed the same procedure as specified by the ASTM D86 test method. The test method indicates that the distillation unit must operate at atmospheric pressure but the distillation experiments were conducted at ambient pressure of 86.02 kPa for Potchefstroom. The actual distillation curve and the simulated distillation curve for each biodiesel were compared in order to see if the simulated distillation results predict the same boiling points as the actual distillation. This study has shown that the simulated results obtained from the GC-MS can be used to determine the boiling ranges for biodiesel but it can be better accomplished by using vacuum distillation.

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Section: (2) Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%