Production of biodiesel using the microwave technique

Sherbiny, Shakinaz A. El; Refaat, Ahmed; Sheltawy, S. T. El

doi:10.1016/j.jare.2010.07.003

Cited by 146 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Previous results showed that application of radio frequency microwave energy offers a fast, easy route to this valuable biofuel with advantages of enhancing the reaction rate and improving the separation process (Hernando et al, 2007;El Sherbiny et al, 2010). In all these attempts conventional alkali homogenous catalysts were employed.…”

Section: Synergy Between Microwave Irradiation and Heterogeneous Catamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel production using solid metal oxide catalysts

Refaat

2010

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

264

158

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Biodiesel production is worthy of continued study and optimization of production procedures due to its environmentally beneficial attributes and its renewable nature. Heterogeneous transesterification is considered to be a green process. The process requires neither catalyst recovery nor aqueous treatment steps and very high yields of methyl esters can be obtained, close to the theoretical value. However, heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification generally requires more severe operating conditions, and the performance of heterogeneous catalysts is generally lower than that of the commonly used homogeneous catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysis for biodiesel production has been extensively investigated in the last few years. Many metal oxides have been studied for the transesterification process of oils; these include alkali earth metal oxides, transition metal oxides, mixed metal oxides and supported metal oxides. The use of solid metal oxides as catalysts in oil transesterification is well established, accordingly, researchers' attempts are now focused on how to attain the highest catalyst activity. Catalyst activity is a function of its specific surface area, base strength and base site concentration. High specific surface area, strong base strength and high concentration of base sites are characteristics of an active transesterification catalyst. This review provides a brief overview of the different metal oxides frequently used in the process of transesterification of oils for the production of biodiesel with special reference to the various methods of catalyst preparation and catalyst characterization. Reaction conditions and catalyst leaching analysis are also highlighted. Finally, concluding remarks regarding catalyst selection and catalyst preparation steps are provided.

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Section: Synergy Between Microwave Irradiation and Heterogeneous Catamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel production using solid metal oxide catalysts

Refaat

2010

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

264

158

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“…Previous results reported in the literature [17] on the effect of catalyst and methanol to oil ratio on biodiesel production suggest that biodiesel with the best properties was obtained using 1 % KOH by weight as the catalyst. Methanolysis with this catalyst produced the best yields and viscosities of the resulting esters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Since trans-esterification is a relatively slow process, intense mixing is required both because of the relatively high oil viscosity and in order to ensure sufficient interfacial area between the two reactants present in different phases. The optimum operating temperature for this reaction is 65C, which is slightly above the boiling point of methanol (64.7C) [17]. When the reaction temperature exceeds the boiling point of methanol, the methanol will vaporize and form a large number of bubbles which may inhibit the reaction.…”

Section: Experimental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Biodiesel from Locally Available Spent Vegetable Oils

Naggar

Ashour

Ettouney

et al. 2017

RESD

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-The depletion of fossil fuels prompted considerable research targeting the development of alternative fuel sources. Biodiesel production has acquired increasing importance owing to its renewable nature and milder environmental impacts. To this end, alternative sources of feedstock have been sought and studies aiming at the optimization of the production procedure have been carried out. Millions of liters of waste frying oil are produced from local restaurants and houses every year, most are discarded into sewage systems damaging networks and complicating the treatment process. This study is intended to consider aspects related to the feasibility of the production of biodiesel from waste frying oils in order to alleviate the waste frying oil pollution problems as well as to reduce the cost of biodiesel production. Locally available spent vegetable oils have been collected from different sources and accordingly have somewhat different chemical compositions. The conducted experiments involved the production of biodiesel from the different feed stocks using the base catalyzed trans-esterification process. The quality of the produced biodiesel is compared to petro-diesel in terms of established standard specifications.

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“…Among alcohols is commonly used is methanol for it is cheaper and more reactive than others (Hsiao et al, 2011). been applying microwave to accelerate thereaction as reviewed by authors (El Sherbiny et al, 2010., Tippayawong et al, 2012. The use ofmicrowaveis an alternativetomanufacture ofbiodiesel enhancing the conversion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Production of Biofuels from Coconut Oil Using Microwave

Suryanto¹,

Suprapto²,

Mahfud³

2015

MAS

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Biofuels including biodiesel, an alternative fuel, is renewable, environmentally friendly, non-toxic and low emission energy. The raw material used in this work was coconut oil, which contained saturated fatty acids about 90% with medium chain (C 8 -C 12 ), especially lauric acid and myristic acid. Reaction was conducted in batch reactor assisted by microwave. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of power and NaOH catalyst in transesterification enhanced by microwave and to obtain a biofuels (biodiesel and biokerosene) derived from coconut oil. The reaction was performed by mixing oil and methanol with mole ratio of 1:6, catalyst concentration of 1% w/w with setting electrical power at 100, 264, 400, 600 and 800 W. The reaction time was conditioned at of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 15 min. The results showed that microwave could accelerate the transesterification process to produce biodiesel using NaOH catalyst. The highest yield of biodiesel was 97.76 %, or 99.05 % conversion at 5 min reaction, meanwhile biokerosene was 48% after distillation.

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Production of biodiesel using the microwave technique

Cited by 146 publications

References 33 publications

Biodiesel production using solid metal oxide catalysts

Biodiesel production using solid metal oxide catalysts

Production of Biodiesel from Locally Available Spent Vegetable Oils

The Production of Biofuels from Coconut Oil Using Microwave

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