Production of biodiesel via catalytic upgrading and refining of sustainable oleagineous feedstocks

Tajuddin, Nazrizawati Ahmad; Lee, Adam F.; Wilson, Karen

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100455-5.00006-0

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 193 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Figures 4 and 5 show the reaction mechanism of the saponification and hydrolysis reactions [71]. The saponification reaction will prevent the release of glycerol from the alkyl ester layer [72]. Hydrolysis reactions produce wastewater leading to pollution and contamination of the surrounding environment.…”

Section: The Mechanism Of Homogeneous Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling Catalysts for Biodiesel Production via Transesterification

Wang

Shukla

et al. 2023

Catalysts

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With the rapid development of industry and the increasing demand for transportation, traditional sources of energy have been excessively consumed. Biodiesel as an alternative energy source has become a research focus. The most common method for biodiesel production is transesterification, in which lipid and low carbon alcohol are commonly used as raw materials, in the presence of a catalyst. In the process of transesterification, the performance of the catalyst is the key factor of the biodiesel yield. This paper reviews the recent research progress on homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in biodiesel production. The advantages and disadvantages of current homogeneous acid catalysts and homogeneous base catalysts are discussed, and heteropolyacid heterogeneous catalysts and biomass-derived base catalysts are described. The applications of the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst derivatives ionic liquids/deep eutectic solvents and nanocatalysts/magnetic catalysts in biodiesel production are reviewed. The mechanism and economic cost of current homogeneous acid catalysts and homogeneous base catalysts are also analyzed. The unique advantages of each type of catalyst are compared to better understand the microscopic details behind biodiesel. Finally, some challenges of current biodiesel catalysts are summarized, and future research directions are presented. This review will provide general and in-depth knowledge on the achievements, directions, and research priorities in developing novel homogeneous/heterogeneous catalysts for the green and cost-effective production of biodiesel.

show abstract

Section: The Mechanism Of Homogeneous Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling Catalysts for Biodiesel Production via Transesterification

Wang

Shukla

et al. 2023

Catalysts

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The biodiesel obtained through the transesterification of vegetable oils (1G) is the most produced biofuel worldwide. Consequently, several studies have focused on developing the optimization of this process and its catalysts [22][23][24]. The latter is an important factor in the improvement of biodiesel production systems since they determine the quality and quantity of biodiesel, as well as the ecological impact that the plant can have.…”

Section: Biofuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of Art of Alkaline Earth Metal Oxides Catalysts Used in the Transesterification of Oils for Biodiesel Production

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biodiesel produced through catalytic transesterification of triglycerides from edible and non-edible oils and alcohol is considered an alternative to traditional petro-diesel. The interest in the use of alkaline earth metal oxides as heterogeneous basic catalysts has increased due to their availability, non-toxicity, the capacity to be reused, low cost, and high concentration of surface basic sites that provide the activity. This work is a compilation of the strategies to understand the effect of the source, synthesis, and thermal treatment of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO on the improvement of the surface basic sites density and strength, the morphology of the solid structure, stability during reaction and reusability. These parameters are commonly modified or enhanced by mixing these oxides or with alkaline metals. Also, the improvement of the acid-base properties and to avoid the lixiviation of catalysts can be achieved by supporting the alkaline earth metal oxides on another oxide. Additionally, the effect of the most relevant operation conditions in oil transesterification reactions such as methanol to oil ratio, temperature, agitation method, pressure, and catalysts concentration are reviewed. This review attempts to elucidate the optimum parameters of reaction and their application in different oils.

show abstract

“…In biodiesel production, when the homogenous catalyst is used, it needs multi-steps of production and purification because such catalyst cannot tolerate with free fatty acids (FFA) and moisture (Baroi and Dalai, 2013). Hence, it will lead to the high cost of refined feedstocks results in a high price of biodiesel compared to petrol diesel (Tajuddin et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MgAl Mixed Oxide Derived Alkali-free Hydrotalcite for Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil to Biodiesel

Tajuddin¹

2020

ASMScJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The heterogeneous catalyst, MgAl hydrotalcite (MgAl HT) was synthesised via alkali-free method spanning from 4:1 to 2:1 ratio of Mg and Al respectively and underwent subsequent calcination process at 450°C for 3 h. The diffraction patterns of MgAl HT indicated the high crystalline structure was obtained. The increasing of the reflection intensity and the sharpness of diffraction lines were seen with the increasing of Mg:Al ratio. Calcination has removed the carbonates and hydroxyl layers, thus left only the mixed oxide of MgO and Al2O3 as proven by XRD, SEM, EDX and FTIR. This catalyst was used in the transesterification reaction with Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) as feedstock for the production of biodiesel. WCO underwent a pretreatment process to remove the impurities and moisture content. Acid-base titration was performed to determine the acid value and percentage of Free Fatty Acid (%FFA). The FFA content was 0.073% (less than 1%), hence transesterification reaction has been proceeded without before esterification process using methanol to oil ratio 30:1 for 24 h. Results show high percentage yield of biodiesel in 5 wt% 3:1 MgAl (87.23%) compared to 84.01% yield in 5 wt% 4:1 catalyst and only 79.23% yield with 5 wt% 2:1 catalyst.

show abstract

Production of biodiesel via catalytic upgrading and refining of sustainable oleagineous feedstocks

Cited by 5 publications

References 193 publications

Enabling Catalysts for Biodiesel Production via Transesterification

Enabling Catalysts for Biodiesel Production via Transesterification

State of Art of Alkaline Earth Metal Oxides Catalysts Used in the Transesterification of Oils for Biodiesel Production

MgAl Mixed Oxide Derived Alkali-free Hydrotalcite for Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil to Biodiesel

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About