Production of Biofuels from Cellulose of Woody Biomass

Fatehi, Pedram

doi:10.5772/50740

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 129 publications

(236 reference statements)

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“…Thus, enzymatic hydrolysis governs the course and the efficiency of fermentation and is the most expensive element of the fermentation process. The vulnerability of biomass to biodegradation depends on the degree of the material’s polymerization, moisture content, hemicelluloses and cellulose or porosity [ 180 ]. Also, the properties of the material being decomposed have a large influence on the rate of biodegradation: structure of biomass surface, thickness and shape, presence of crosslinking bonds, molecular weight, length of chains, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, cellulose crystallinity, biomass availability, lignin content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Materials as Substrates for Fermentation Processes

et al. 2018

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Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant and renewable resource that potentially contains large amounts of energy. It is an interesting alternative for fossil fuels, allowing the production of biofuels and other organic compounds. In this paper, a review devoted to the processing of lignocellulosic materials as substrates for fermentation processes is presented. The review focuses on physical, chemical, physicochemical, enzymatic, and microbiologic methods of biomass pretreatment. In addition to the evaluation of the mentioned methods, the aim of the paper is to understand the possibilities of the biomass pretreatment and their influence on the efficiency of biofuels and organic compounds production. The effects of different pretreatment methods on the lignocellulosic biomass structure are described along with a discussion of the benefits and drawbacks of each method, including the potential generation of inhibitory compounds for enzymatic hydrolysis, the effect on cellulose digestibility, the generation of compounds that are toxic for the environment, and energy and economic demand. The results of the investigations imply that only the stepwise pretreatment procedure may ensure effective fermentation of the lignocellulosic biomass. Pretreatment step is still a challenge for obtaining cost-effective and competitive technology for large-scale conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars with low inhibitory concentration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Materials as Substrates for Fermentation Processes

et al. 2018

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“…Biodiesels can be produced from vegetable oil, animal fats and cooking oil, it is biodegradable, non-toxic and has few emissions when compared to fossil fuel based product. As fossil fuels are depleting year after year, the emergence of new technologies should be paramount in order to produce fuel from waste and renewable biomass [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel production from waste vegetable oil (Sunflower) obtained from fried chicken and plantain

Udehab¹

2017

J Pet Environ Biotechnol

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Waste sunflower oil sourced from fried chicken and plantain was used for biodiesel production in this study. During the transesterification process, 161 ml of ethanol containing 96% (v/v) was added to 250 ml of waste sunflower oil using NaOH as the catalyst at different concentrations (2.0% to 4.0%) and temperatures (45°C, 60°C, 70°C and 85°C). Biodiesel yield of 88.6% was obtained at the temperature of 70°C in 3.0% NaOH. Viscosity test at room temperature and specific gravity evaluation recorded 2.81 cm 2 s -1 and 0.912 Kg/m 3 respectively. The high energy density obtained from waste sunflower biodiesel blend is comparable with the hydrocarbon-based fossil fuel, an indication for smooth engine runs. This means that waste sunflower oil could be a veritable material for energy production as the alternative to greenhouse issues of fossil fuel diesel blend.

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“…Cellulose acetate ( Figure 9) is one of the oldest man-made macromolecules used extensively in the textile and polymer industries [63]. It has an inherent advantage in that the starting material, cellulose (Figure 7), is a renewable natural resource [66] widely produced from processed wood pulp (Figure 2a) dictating the current market source with intense research focused on various other renewable materials as feedstock [5][6][7]. Cellulose acetate is currently being used in fiber or film processing; however, it has been reported [67] to have high glass transition temperature which limits its thermal processing.…”

Section: Cellulose Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic Characterization of Multilayered Functional Protective Polymers via Surface Modification with Organic Polymers against Highly Toxic Chemicals

Ndibewu¹,

Ngobeni²,

Lefakane³

et al. 2016

Recent Advances in Biopolymers

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Recent advances in biopolymers, including functional biomaterials for the manufacture of personal protective garments (PPGs) or equipment (PPE) have dramatically improved their efficiency and performance. Good and acceptable permeation characteristics, mechanical strength and durability are common attributes of these materials simultaneously without compromise for their cost-effectiveness and manufacturability. The comprehensive characterization of these materials and specimens' three-dimensionality with the endeavor to obtain the highest resistance to highly toxic agents such as nuclear, chemical and biological warfare agents is the must fulfilling aim in today's global interest in continuous development in this area. Because energy absorption component seems to be important in considering quality the requirements related to the application of most protective materials (e.g. clothing), spectroscopy would seem to be the cornerstone to be considered for most analytical purposes to supplement the qualitative and quantitative assessment of polymeric materials. The major techniques worth mentioning include: scanning electron microscopy coupled to Xray dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scattering-type near-field optical microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR), infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry, nano-FTIR absorption spectroscopy, near-field optical microscopy, and infrared vibrational nano-spectrosocopy. This chapter will discuss the importance of a particularly important natural polymer (cellulose) containing acetyl groups to form modifiable biopolymers (e.g. cellulose acetate polymers), doped to yield multi-layered functional protective materials (MFPMs) or composites (MFPCs). The ultimate aim seeks to provide critical insights into understanding the enhancement of their permeation characteristics against exposure to toxic industrial chemicals, including chlorine which is currently being used as a chemical warfare agent of choice in the Syrian conflict. MFPMs or MFPCs are a group of materials made from a combination of fiber or polymers together with varying amounts of additives possessing tailored physical and mechanical properties. Many of these materials should not only be durable but also must provide cost-competi

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Production of Biofuels from Cellulose of Woody Biomass

Cited by 12 publications

References 129 publications

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Materials as Substrates for Fermentation Processes

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Materials as Substrates for Fermentation Processes

Biodiesel production from waste vegetable oil (Sunflower) obtained from fried chicken and plantain

Spectroscopic Characterization of Multilayered Functional Protective Polymers via Surface Modification with Organic Polymers against Highly Toxic Chemicals

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