Production of Biosurfactant Produced from Used Cooking Oil by Bacillus sp. HIP3 for Heavy Metals Removal

Abstract

Heavy metals from industrial effluents and sewage contribute to serious water pollution in most developing countries. The constant penetration and contamination of heavy metals into natural water sources may substantially raise the chances of human exposure to these metals through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact, which could lead to liver damage, cancer, and other severe conditions in the long term. Biosurfactant as an efficient biological surface-active agent may provide an alternative solution for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastes. Biosurfactants exhibit the properties of reducing surface and interfacial tension, stabilizing emulsions, promoting foaming, high selectivity, and specific activity at extreme temperatures, pH, and salinity, and the ability to be synthesized from renewable resources. This study aimed to produce biosurfactant from renewable feedstock, which is used cooking oil (UCO), by a local isolate, namely Bacillus sp. HIP3 for heavy metals removal. Bacillus sp. HIP3 is a Gram-positive isolate that gave the highest oil displacement area with the lowest surface tension, of 38 mN/m, after 7 days of culturing in mineral salt medium and 2% (v/v) UCO at a temperature of 30 °C and under agitation at 200 rpm. An extraction method, using chloroform:methanol (2:1) as the solvents, gave the highest biosurfactant yield, which was 9.5 g/L. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis confirmed that the biosurfactant produced by Bacillus sp. HIP3 consists of a lipopeptide similar to standard surfactin. The biosurfactant was capable of removing 13.57%, 12.71%, 2.91%, 1.68%, and 0.7% of copper, lead, zinc, chromium, and cadmium, respectively, from artificially contaminated water, highlighting its potential for bioremediation.

Surfactin-Like Biosurfactant Production and Optimization by Bacillus Subtilis SNW3: Product Characterization and Its Influence on Seed Development and Plant Growth

“…In this study, sugar cane molasses and waste frying oil individually indicated maximum E24 of up to 55.3 and 56.3%, ODA i-e 0.9 and 1.8 cm with SFT 41 and 38.2 mN/m. It was previously reported that use of waste frying oil as sole source of carbon and energy lipopeptide production by two Bacillus strains that reduce surface tension up to 36 mN/m these results are consistent with our study that Bacillus strain used produce surfactin while growing on 2% waste frying oil reduce surface tension up to 38 mN/m [40]. De Lima et al [41] reported rhamnose production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PACL strain cultivating on waste frying soybean oils results indicate biosurfactant production with 100% emulsi cation index, surface tension reduction up to 26.0 mN/m and concentration of 3.3 g/L while in current study 56.3% emulsi cation was observed with 2% waste frying oil.…”

Functional group characterization of lactic bacterial biosurfactants and evaluation of antagonistic actions against clinical isolates of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus

“…2019; Md Badrul Hisham et al . 2019). Different solvents such as ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, butanol, pentane, hexane, acetic acid, di‐ethyl ether and isopropanol have been previously used for biosurfactant extraction (Satpute et al .…”

Molecular Insight Into Key Eco-Physiological Process in Bioremediating and Plant-Growth-Promoting Bacteria

“…are able to produce different types of biosurfactants (surfactin, rhamnolipids, etc.) which can bind with diverse heavy metals (such as Cu or Zn) and reduce their bioavailability (Mulligan et al, 2001;Yang et al, 2018;Md Badrul Hisham et al, 2019;Sun et al, 2021). However, in the case of intracellular sequestration, cytoplasmic hyperaccumulation of heavy metals involved several metal binding proteins like metallothioneins, metallochaperons, and many other low-molecular-weight cystine-rich proteins.…”

“…Additionally, bacterial siderophores are reported to have the ability to bind with a number of different heavy metals, thereby immobilizing them and reducig their bioavailability to plants under heavy metal stress. A large number of PGPB isolates were reported to produce siderophores under such heavy metal stress (Złoch et al, 2016;Yang et al, 2018;Md Badrul Hisham et al, 2019;Sun et al, 2021).…”