Production of Butyric Acid and Butanol from Biomass

Ramey, David E.; Yang, Shang‐Tian

doi:10.2172/843183

Cited by 60 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The ABE process yields 0.23 g butanol/g sugar [5]. Ramey's description of a two-step fermentation process in which sugar is converted to butyric acid in step one, and butyric acid to butanol in step two, raises the theoretical yield of butanol by 67% [2,6]. However, there has been concern that in order to upgrade butyric acid to butanol, additional energy in the form of glucose is needed, and this adversely affects the selectivity of the two-step fermentation process [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Fermentation of Clostridium tyrobutyricum with Partial Cell Recycle as a Long-Term Strategy for Butyric Acid Production

McGraw

Lorenz

et al. 2012

Energies

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Abstract:In making alternative fuels from biomass feedstocks, the production of butyric acid is a key intermediate in the two-step production of butanol. The fermentation of glucose via Clostridium tyrobutyricum to butyric acid produces undesirable byproducts, including lactic acid and acetic acid, which significantly affect the butyric acid yield and productivity. This paper focuses on the production of butyric acid using Clostridium tyrobutyricum in a partial cell recycle mode to improve fermenter yield and productivity. Experiments with fermentation in batch, continuous culture and continuous culture with partial cell recycle by ultrafiltration were conducted. The results show that a continuous fermentation can be sustained for more than 120 days, which is the first reported long-term production of butyric acid in a continuous operation. Further, the results also show that partial cell recycle via membrane ultrafiltration has a great influence on the selectivity and productivity of butyric acid, with an increase in selectivity from ≈9% to 95% butyric acid with productivities as high as 1.13 g/Lh. Continuous fermentation with low dilution rate and high cell recycle ratio has been found to be desirable for optimum productivity and selectivity toward butyric acid and a comprehensive model explaining this phenomenon is given. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2012, 5 2836

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Fermentation of Clostridium tyrobutyricum with Partial Cell Recycle as a Long-Term Strategy for Butyric Acid Production

McGraw

Lorenz

et al. 2012

Energies

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“…It is possible to use a very wide range of raw materials for producing bioethanol (on the contrary to producing biodiesel fuel) including cereal and corn grains, sugar beets, molasses, potatoes as well as raw materials containing lignocellulose -wood and wood waste, rapidly growing ligneous plants, cereal and rape straws etc. (Festel 2006;Ramey and Yang 2004;Alasfour 1997;Maddox and Murray 1983). An enormous potential of raw materials makes searching for the substitutes of bioethanol that could be made from the same raw materials without increasing material and energetic expenditure and cost price.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mixture of Biobutanol and Petrol for Otto Engines

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Th e expansion of production and the use of biofuels are determined by the legal acts of the European Commission and National legal acts encouraging such production and usage. It would be meaningful to use the mixtures of butanol and petrol in Otto engines. It was determined the possibility of producing biobutanol as a biofuel of the second generation from lignocellulose hydrolyzed to C 5 /C 6 carbohydrates. If the 20-30% potential of lignocellulose biomass in Lithuania is used, it would be possible to produce 200-300 thousand t of biobutanol per year. Th e amount of carbon monoxide CO decreases by more than 80% when the engine works using the mixtures of petrol and butanol if compared to the CO amount of the engine working with petrol. When the engine works using the mixture of 30% butanol and petrol, the amount of carbon dioxide CO 2 decreases by 4% on average, and in case it works with the mixture of 50% butanol and petrol -by 14% if compared to the CO 2 amount of the engine working using petrol. When the engine works using the mixture of 30% butanol and petrol, the amount of hydrocarbons HC decreases by 26% on average, and if it works with the mixture of 50% butanol and petrol, the amount increases by some 4% if compared to the HC amount of the engine working using petrol. To generalize the results of the performed experiment, it is possible to state that the optimal mixture would consist of 70% petrol and 30% biobutanol.

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“…Clostridia species absorb these acids to produce ABE. In contrast to the ABE fermentation, Ramey (2006) proposed to accomplish the fermentation in two steps to improve yield, in which sugar was converted to butyric acid in the first step by bacterium such as Clostridium tryobutyricum in acidogenesis phase, and butyric acid to butanol in the second step by solventogenesis bacterium such as Clostridium beijerinckii Ellis et al, 2012;Potts et al, 2012). However, in order to convert butyric acid to butanol, additional energy in the form of glucose is required, adversely affecting the selection of twostep fermentation methods.…”

Section: Biobutanolmentioning

confidence: 94%

A Review: Microalgae and Their Applications in CO2 Capture and Renewable Energy

Klinthong

Yang

Huang

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

215

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Fossil fuels, which are recognized as unsustainable sources of energy, are continuously consumed and decreased with increasing fuel demands. Microalgae have great potential as renewable fuel sources because they possess rapid growth rate and the ability to store high-quality lipids and carbohydrates inside their cells for biofuel production. Microalgae can be cultivated on opened or closed systems and require nutrients and CO 2 that may be supplied from wastewater and fossil fuel combustion. In addition, CO 2 capture via photosynthesis to directly fix carbon into microalgae has also attracted the attention of researchers. The conversion of CO 2 into chemical and fuel (energy) products without pollution via this approach is a promising way to not only reduce CO 2 emissions but also generate more economic value. The harvested microalgal biomass can be converted into biofuel products, such as biohydrogen, biodiesel, biomethanol, bioethanol, biobutanol and biohydrocarbons. Thus, microalgal cultivation can contribute to CO 2 fixation and can be a source of biofuels. This article reviews the literature on microalgae that were cultivated using captured CO 2 , technologies related to the production of biofuels from microalgae and the possible commercialization of microalgae-based biofuels to demonstrate the potential of microalgae. In this respect, a number of relevant topics are addressed: the nature of microalgae (e.g., species and composition); CO 2 capture via microalgae; the techniques for microalgal cultivation, harvesting and pretreatment; and the techniques for lipid extraction and biofuel production. The strategies for biofuel commercialization are proposed as well.

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Production of Butyric Acid and Butanol from Biomass

Cited by 60 publications

References 87 publications

Continuous Fermentation of Clostridium tyrobutyricum with Partial Cell Recycle as a Long-Term Strategy for Butyric Acid Production

Continuous Fermentation of Clostridium tyrobutyricum with Partial Cell Recycle as a Long-Term Strategy for Butyric Acid Production

The Mixture of Biobutanol and Petrol for Otto Engines

A Review: Microalgae and Their Applications in CO2 Capture and Renewable Energy

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