Production of carbonaceous nanostructures from a silver-carbon ambient spark

Byeon, Jeong Hoon; Kim, Jangwoo

doi:10.1063/1.3396188

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…1 and 19 that plasmas and NRP discharges in particular can be potentially used for targeted and efficient use of energy and matter in nanoscale synthesis, here we employ NRP spark discharges for controlling the production of metal and oxygen atoms in open ambient air, resulting in the synthesis of high quality MO 3 nanostructures suitable for various applications. When metal electrodes for plasma generation also serve as the source for metal precursor atoms, it is convenient to use spark discharges because they generate temperatures high enough for evaporating metal222324. NRP spark-based nanofabrication consumes potentially much less energy than other methods while operating in open ambient air without catalysts or additional heating of the substrate.…”

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confidence: 99%

Energy efficiency in nanoscale synthesis using nanosecond plasmas

Pai

Ostrikov

Kumar

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

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We report a nanoscale synthesis technique using nanosecond-duration plasma discharges. Voltage pulses 12.5 kV in amplitude and 40 ns in duration were applied repetitively at 30 kHz across molybdenum electrodes in open ambient air, generating a nanosecond spark discharge that synthesized well-defined MoO3 nanoscale architectures (i.e. flakes, dots, walls, porous networks) upon polyamide and copper substrates. No nitrides were formed. The energy cost was as low as 75 eV per atom incorporated into a nanostructure, suggesting a dramatic reduction compared to other techniques using atmospheric pressure plasmas. These findings show that highly efficient synthesis at atmospheric pressure without catalysts or external substrate heating can be achieved in a simple fashion using nanosecond discharges.

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confidence: 99%

Energy efficiency in nanoscale synthesis using nanosecond plasmas

Pai

Ostrikov

Kumar

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

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“…Thermal spikes may facilitate the formation of nanomaterials in metastable material phases (Komatsu 2007). Indeed, carbon-encapsulated metal nanoparticles have been generated recently using spark discharges of millisecond duration (Byeon et al 2010).…”

Section: Metastable Nanomaterials Using Fast Heating and Cooling In Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their work on carbon-encapsulated metal nanoparticles, (Byeon et al 2010) report that cooling rates of less than 1400 K/s lead to spheroidization of the nanoparticles, whereas a cooling rate of 2900 K/s causes tube-like graphitization. NRP spark discharges cool at a rate that is least four orders of magnitude faster than the millisecond sparks of (Byeon et al 2010), which may lead to the formation of nanomaterials much further from the equilibrium state of the material than those generated using spark discharges of longer duration.…”

Section: Gas Cooling Rates Of At Least 10 7 K/smentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials synthesis at atmospheric pressure using nanosecond discharges

Pai¹

2011

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The application of nanosecond discharges towards nanomaterials synthesis at atmospheric pressure is explored. First, various plasma sources are evaluated in terms of the energy used to include one atom into the nanomaterial, which is shown to depend strongly on the electron temperature. Because of their high average electron temperature, nanosecond discharges could be used to achieve nanofabrication at a lower energy cost, and therefore with better efficiency, than with other plasma sources at atmospheric pressure. Transient spark discharges and nanosecond repetitively pulsed (NRP) discharges are suggested as particularly useful examples of nanosecond discharges generated at high repetition frequency. Nanosecond discharges also generate fast heating and cooling rates that could be exploited to produce metastable nanomaterials.

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“…A spark discharge [10] produced Sn nanoparticles, and the particle-laden flow passed over the Collison atomizer orifice in which they mix with the atomized dimethyl sulfide (DMS)-ethanol (EtOH) solution to form hybrid droplets. The use of plasma discharges for nanoscale materials synthesis is a field that is developing rapidly.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tin–Tin Dioxide@Hollow Carbon Nanospheres Synthesized by Aerosol Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition for High‐Density Lithium Storage

Byeon

Kim

2014

ChemCatChem

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The gas-phase self-assembly of Sn-SnO 2 @hollow carbon nanospheres (HCNSs) synthesized by floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition, as a new, facile, and scalable method, was performed, and the resultant nanospheres displayed an enhanced lithium storage performance. Freshly synthesized Sn nanoparticles [ % 25 nm in equivalent mobility diameter (EMD)] were incorporated quantitatively with dimethyl sulfide (DMS)-ethanol (EtOH) droplets ( % 45 nm in EMD) in the form of Sn/ DMS-EtOH hybrid droplets ( % 42 nm in EMD). The hybrid droplets were employed to perform catalytic chemical vapor synthesis in a heated tubular reactor. It was observed that SnSnO 2 particles with sizes between 3-6 nm were dispersed in the HCNSs ( % 25 nm in lateral dimension), and no bulky aggregates were visible. Its reversible capacity even increased up to % 870 mA h g À1 after 50 cycles, which is much higher than the conventional theoretical capacity of SnO 2 (782 mA h g À1).Nanostructured materials have received much attention because of their new electronic, optical, and catalytic properties. [1,2] One category of such materials, Sn-C hybrid nanostructures, are ideal active materials for high energy and power density Li ion batteries (LIBs).[3] Sn-based materials deserve special attention as they offer a promising alternative to graphite because of their high theoretical capacity (Sn: 990 mA h g À1 , SnO 2 : 790 mA h g À1 , compared with 372 mA h g À1 for graphite).[4] However, it is a significant challenge to control the Sn particle size and the uniformity of Sn particle dispersion in the carbon matrix using current synthesis technology because of the low melting point of Sn and the tendency of particle growth, especially during high-temperature carbonization. [5] Despite the urgent need of these kinds of hybrid nanostructures, there are few well-established facile and scalable methods to synthesize these advanced nanostructures. Usually, the multistep coating, currently used for this kind of nanostructured electrode, is time consuming and tedious, which hinders the scale-up of the process significantly. [6,7] The present work introduces a continuous gas-phase self-assembly of Sn-SnO 2 @hollow carbon nanospheres (HCNSs) through a new floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) [8] method for the enhancement of Li storage. HCNSs usually have a porous shell and a protected inner cavity, which endow them with wide potential applications in LIBs, fuel cells, energy storage, catalysis, and drug delivery.[9] The successful key to this method is rooted in the deagglomerated Sn particles within precursor droplets, which allow the dispersion of ultrafine Sn particles in the carbon matrix. A catalytic formation of the carbon network is another factor that prevents Sn particles from growing bigger during the high-temperature process.A spark discharge [10] produced Sn nanoparticles, and the particle-laden flow passed over the Collison atomizer orifice in which they mix with the atomized dimethyl sulfide (DMS)-ethanol (EtOH) solution to form...

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Production of carbonaceous nanostructures from a silver-carbon ambient spark

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Energy efficiency in nanoscale synthesis using nanosecond plasmas

Energy efficiency in nanoscale synthesis using nanosecond plasmas

Nanomaterials synthesis at atmospheric pressure using nanosecond discharges

Tin–Tin Dioxide@Hollow Carbon Nanospheres Synthesized by Aerosol Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition for High‐Density Lithium Storage

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