Production of carboxymethylated lignin and its application as a dispersant

Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxyethylated Lignosulfonate

“…[17][18][19][20][21][22] For example, modifications of LS with methanolylphenol or by hydroxymethylation increaset he thermal stability and reactivity of the products, [23] respectively.I na ddition, the demethylation of LS increased the number of hydroxyl groups. [13,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] In addition, the carboxymethylationo fs tarch has been studied in different reaction media. Several investigationsh ave been performed in recent years on the preparation,c haracterization, and application of carboxymethylatedl ignin and other polymers.…”

Lignin‐g‐poly(acrylamide)‐g‐poly(diallyldimethyl‐ ammonium chloride): Synthesis, Characterization and Applications

“…In addition to the high abundance, lignin has many desirable physiochemical characteristics including a large number of functional groups. As lignin has such a wide variety of reactive units arising from its monomeric structure including phenol, ether, carboxylic acid, and −OH functional groups, one can render lignin functionalized for specific applications, such as flocculants, dispersants, binders, adhesives, hydrogels, and composites…”

“…Kraft lignin can also be used in the production of flocculants; however, kraft lignin is only soluble in aqueous solutions at a pH higher than 11. Kraft lignin can be converted to water‐soluble flocculants through chemical modification (oxidation, sulfomethylation, carboxymethylation and co‐polymerization) . The cationic modification of kraft lignin by epoxide ring‐opening using GTMAC and the Mannich reaction has been studied extensively in both organic and aqueous media (alkaline pH).…”

“…[3,4] In addition to the high abundance, lignin has many desirable physiochemical characteristics including al arge number of functional groups. As lignin has such aw idev ariety of reactive units arising from its monomer-ic structure including phenol,e ther,c arboxylic acid, and ÀOH functional groups, [5] one can render lignin functionalized for specific applications,s uch as flocculants, [6] dispersants, [7,8] binders, [9,10] adhesives, [11] hydrogels, [12] and composites. [13] Owing to its biodegradability,i ts antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, as well as its reinforcing capabilities,l ignin can be an excellent candidatef or new polymer composite materials.…”

“…[27] Kraft lignin can also be used in the production of flocculants;however,kraft lignin is only soluble in aqueous solutions at ap Hh igher than 11.K raft lignin can be converted to water-soluble flocculants through chemical modification (oxidation, sulfomethylation, carboxymethylation and co-polymerization). [7,19,28,29] The cationic modification of kraft lignin by epoxide ring-opening using GTMAC [28] and the Mannich [30] reactionh as been studied extensively in both organic and aqueous media (alkaline pH). The graft copolymerization of kraft lignin with AM, methacryloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride (DMC)a nd DADMAC has also been assessed in organic solvents for their potentialu se as af locculant in wastewater treatment.…”